意外刺激的意义性及位置对大学生无意视盲的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 无意视盲是指由于专注于某项任务而对视野中的其他事物视而不见的现象,它同时受意外刺激低水平的物理特性、语义相关性以及观察者自身因素的影响。无意视盲是联系知觉、意识和注意的重要桥梁。本文采用静态的无意视盲范式,随机选取80名在校大学生为被试,同时考察了意外刺激的位置和意义性对无意视盲的影响。结果表明:(1)意外刺激的呈现位置对无意视盲没有显著的影响,呈现在外周和中央的探测率无显著差异。说明无意视盲可能是受基于注意区域而不是基于注视点的位置因素的影响;(2)意外刺激的意义性对无意视盲有显著的影响,相比于无意义刺激,有意义的卡通笑脸不管呈现在中央还是外周,都更易获得探测。

关键词: 大学生, 无意视盲, 意外刺激

Abstract: When observers focus their eyes on a particular task,they often fail to notice salient and distinctive objects——such phenomenon is termed "inattentional blindness(IB)".It is influenced by low-level properties of the unexpected stimulus,factors occurring after semantic processing of the unexpected stimulus,and observers' characteristics.Inattentional blindness links perception,consciousness and attention.This study examined the effects of position and meaningfulness of unexpected stimulus on inattentional blindness using the static inattentional blindness paradigm,with 80 randomly selected participants taking part in.The results showed that:(1)IB was not significantly influenced by the position of unexpected stimulus.Perhaps whether position could affect IB was not based on the fixation but the zone of attention;(2)IB was significantly influenced by the meaningfulness of unexpected stimulus.No matter what position the unexpected stimulus was presented,the meaningless one(the reversed icon)always had a higher rate of IB than the meaningful one(the smiling face).

Key words: college student, inattentional blindness, unexpected stimulus

中图分类号:

B844.3

黄珊珊, 郭映娜, 郑希付. 意外刺激的意义性及位置对大学生无意视盲的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2012, 28(2): 145-150.

HUANG Shan-shan, GUO Ying-na, ZHENG Xi-fu. The Effects of Unexpected Stimulus’s Meaningfulness and Position to Inattentional Blindness in College Students[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2012, 28(2): 145-150.

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