共情对广义互惠的影响：自我-他人重叠的中介作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2022.04.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 与“我帮你,你帮我”的直接互惠相比,“我帮你,你帮他”的积极广义互惠,促使受助者转变为助人者帮助更多的人。与之相反,“我伤你,你伤他”的消极广义互惠,易导致受害者转变为伤害者波及无辜他人。以往研究未探寻到既能促进积极广义互惠,又能抑制消极广义互惠的因素。采用两阶段独裁者博弈任务范式,通过两项实验发现,共情是一个能够起到扩大积极广义互惠传递效应并削弱消极广义互惠传递效应双重作用的特殊变量,其机制在于自我-他人重叠,支持了自我扩张模型。这一研究为营造良好社会道德氛围,加强公民道德建设,保障公正和谐的社会环境提供了思路。

关键词: 共情, 广义互惠, 自我-他人重叠, 大学生

Abstract: Compared with the direct reciprocity of "I help you, you help me", the positive generalized reciprocity of "I help you, you help them" promotes role change from recipients into helpers, which can help more people. On the contrary, the negative generalized reciprocity of "I hurt you, you hurt them" can easily induce the victims to become hurters and make other people hurt. Previous studies have not explored a bilateral factor that can both promote positive generalized reciprocity and inhibit negative generalized reciprocity. Using the adapted dictator task paradigm through two experiments, it is found that empathy is a special variable that can expand the positive generalized reciprocity transmission effect and weaken the negative generalized reciprocity transmission effect. The intrinsic mechanism is due to the self-other overlap, which further supports the Self-expansion model. This work provides protocols to create a good social moral atmosphere, strengthen citizen moral construction, and ensure a just and harmonious social environment.

Key words: empathy, generalized reciprocity, self-other overlap, university student

中图分类号:

B844

蔺姝玮, 孙炳海, 黄嘉昕, 肖威龙, 李伟健. 共情对广义互惠的影响：自我-他人重叠的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(4): 475-484.

LIN Shuwei, SUN Binghai, HUANG Jiaxin, XIAO Weilong, LI Weijian. The Effect of Empathy on Generalized Reciprocity: The Mediating Effect of Self-other Overlap[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(4): 475-484.

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