心理发展与教育 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 517-524.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.04.08

• 认知与社会性发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

自我分化与大学生经验回避:羞怯的中介作用及其性别差异

窦芬1, 李巧灵2, 王书豪3   

  1. 1. 南京师范大学心理学院, 南京 210097;
    2. 河南大学心理与行为研究所, 开封 475004;
    3. 华东师范大学教育学部, 上海 200062
  • 发布日期:2021-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 李巧灵 E-mail:lqlinger@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省研究生教育教学改革研究与实践重点项目(2017SJGLX081Y)。

Self-differentiation and College Students'Experiential Avoidance: Mediating Effect of Shyness and Its Gender Difference

DOU Fen1, LI Qiaoling2, WANG Shuhao3   

  1. 1. School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097;
    2. Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004;
    3. Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062
  • Published:2021-07-26

摘要: 以往研究表明,个体的自我分化程度会对其经验回避水平产生作用,但鲜有研究对两者之间的关系机制进行探索。本研究探讨了自我分化与大学生经验回避的关系,并提出一个有调节的中介模型,重点考察羞怯的中介作用和性别的调节作用。选取南京市9所高校一至四年级共970名不同专业的大学生为被试,采用问卷法对自我分化,经验回避以及羞怯进行调查。结果表明:(1)大学生自我分化与经验回避以及羞怯显著负相关,羞怯与经验回避呈显著正相关;(2)自我分化不仅能直接预测大学生的经验回避,还能通过羞怯的中介作用间接预测经验回避;(3)羞怯的中介作用受到性别的调节,大学生自我分化对羞怯和经验回避的作用在男生和女生样本中均达到显著水平,相对于女生,该效应对男生的作用更加突出。但在大学生羞怯对经验回避的作用方面则表现出与之相反的模式,与男生相比,女生羞怯对经验回避的作用显著增加。

关键词: 自我分化, 经验回避, 羞怯, 性别差异, 大学生

Abstract: Substantial literature has documented the important effect of self-differentiation on individuals' experiential avoidance. However,there exists scanty research on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between self-differentiation and college students' experiential avoidance. This study constructs a moderated mediation model to examine whether shyness mediated the relation between self-differentiation and experiential avoidance among college students, and whether this mediating process was moderated by gender. A total of 970 college students were selected, and completed differentiation of self inventory, shyness scale and acceptance and action questionnaire. The results indicated that:(1) Shyness and experiential avoidance were both negatively correlated with self-differentiation in college students. But shyness was positively correlated with experiential avoidance; (2) Self-differentiation could not only directly predict college students' experiential avoidance, but also indirectly predict experiential avoidance through the shyness; (3) Gender moderated the mediation effect of shyness. Specifically, the effects of self-differentiation on shyness and experiential avoidance on both male and female samples have reached the significant level, compared with female college students, the effects of self-differentiation on shyness and experiential avoidance were much stronger among male college students. While the effect of shyness on experiential avoidance was much stronger among female college students than among male college students.

Key words: self-differentiation, experiential avoidance, shyness, gender difference, college students

中图分类号: 

  • B844
Biglan, A., Gau, J. M., Jones, L. B., Hinds, E., Rusby, J. C., Cody, C., & Sprague, J. (2015). The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between family conflict and depression among early adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4(1), 30-36.
Boulanger, J. L., Hayes, S. C., & Pistorello, J. (2010). Experiential avoidance as a functional contextual concept. In A. A. Kring, & D. M. Sloan (Eds.),Emotion regulation and psychopathology:A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 107-136). New York:Guilford Press.
Bowen, M. (1976). Theory in the practice of psychotherapy. In Guerin Jr P. J. (Ed.).Family therapy:Theory and practice(pp.42-90). New York:Garner Press.
Bowker, J. C., Stotsky, M. T., & Etkin, R. G. (2017). How BIS/BAS and psycho-behavioral variables distinguish between social withdrawal subtypes during emerging adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 283-288.
Carter, B. E., & McGoldrick, M. E. (Eds.).(1988). The changing family life cycle:A framework for family therapy. Garner Press.
Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology:An empirical review.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 871-890.
Chen, X. (2019). Culture and shyness in childhood and adolescence. New Ideas in Psychology, 53, 58-66.
Chodorow, N. (Ed.).(1989).Feminism and psychoanalytic theory. New Haven, CT:Yale university Press.
Chou, W. P., Yen, C. F., & Liu, T. L. (2018). Predictingeffects of psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance and stress coping strategies for internet addiction, significant depression, and suicidality in college students:A prospective study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 788-798.
Doey, L., Coplan, R. J., & Kingsbury, M. (2014). Bashful boys and coy girls:A review of gender differences in childhood shyness.Sex Roles, 70, 255-266.
Eagly, A. H. (Ed.).(1987). Sex differences in social behavior:A social-role interpretation. L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
Eggum-Wilkens, N. D., An, D., Zhang, L., & Costa, M. (2020). Co-occurrence of and cross-informant agreement on shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance during early adolescence. Social Development, 29,73-78.
Guo, Q., Sun, P., & Li, L. (2018). Shyness and online prosocial behavior:A study on multiple mediation mechanisms. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 1-8.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2000). Acceptance and commitment therapy:An experiential approach to behavior change. Encyclopedia of Psychotherapy, 32(1), 1-8.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D.,...Mccurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance:A preliminary test of a working model. Psychological Record, 54(4), 553-578.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders:A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168.
Henderson, L., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1999). Commentary:Developmental outcomes and clinical perspectives. In L. A. Schmidt & J. Schulkin (Eds.),Extreme fear, shyness, and social phobia (Series in Affective Science). New York:Oxford University Press.
Hipson, W. E., Coplan, R. J., & Séguin, D. G. (2019). Active emotion regulation mediates links between shyness and social adjustment in preschool.Social Development, 28(4), 893-907.
Hooper, N., & Larsson, A. (Eds.).(2015).The research journey of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Basingstoke, UK:Palgrave Macmillan.
Howe-Martin, L. S., Murrell, A. R., & Guarnaccia, C. A. (2012). Repetitive nonsuicidal self-injury as experiential avoidance among a community sample of adolescents.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 809-828.
Human-Vogel, S., & Rabe, P. (2015). Measuring self-differentiation and academic commitment inuniversity students:A case study of education and engineering students. South African Journal of Psychology, 45(1), 60-70.
Jankowski, P. J., & Hooper, L. M. (2012). Differentiation of self:A validation study of the Bowen theory construct. Couple and Family Psychology:Research and Practice, 1(3), 226-243.
Kimmel, M. S.(Ed.).(2004).The gendered society. New York:Oxford University Press.
Krycak, R. C., Murdock, N. L.,& Marszalek, J. M. (2012). Differentiation of self, stress, and emotional support as predictors of psychological distress. Contemporary Family Therapy, 34(4), 495-515.
Marjansadat, H. (2014). Examining therelationship between differentiation of self components and social adjustment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113(7), 84-90.
Mendes, A. L., Ferreira, C., & Marta-Simões, J. (2017). Experiential avoidance versus decentering abilities:The role of different emotional processes on disordered eating.Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 22(3), 467-474.
Murdock, N. L., & Gore, P. A. (2004). Stress, coping and differentiation of self:A test of Bowen theory. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 319-335.
Nichols, M. P., & Schwartz, R. C. (2000). Family therapy:Concepts and methods (5th ed.). Boston:Allyn & Bacon.
Nikbakht, A., Ahmadi, B. M., & DashtiNejad, S. B. (2012). Comparison of self-differentiation amount between two groups of anxious and non-anxious people in Bandar Abbas. Journal of Life Science and Bio Medicine, 2, 142-146.
Panayiotou, G., Karekla, M., & Leonidou, C. (2017). Coping through avoidance may explain gender disparities in anxiety.Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(2), 215-220.
Panayiotou, G., Karekla, M., & Panayiotou, M. (2014). Direct and indirect predictors of social anxiety:The role of anxiety sensitivity, behavioral inhibition, experiential avoidance and self-consciousness.Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(8), 1875-1882.
Peleg, O. (2014). The relationships between stressful life events during childhood and differentiation of self and intergenerational triangulation in adulthood. International Journal of Psychology, 49(6), 462-470.
Pronk, R. E., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2010). It's "mean", but what does it mean to adolescents? Rational aggression described by victims, aggressors, and their peers.Journal of Adolescent Research, 25, 175-204.
Roisman, G. I., Masten, A. S., Coatsworth, J. D., & Tellegen, A. (2004). Salient and emerging developmental tasks in the transition to adulthood. Child Development, 75(1), 123-133.
Ross, A. S., Hinshaw, A. B., & Murdock, M. L. (2016). Integrating therelational matrix attachment style, differentiation of self, triangulation, and experiential avoidance. Contemporary Family Therapy, 38(4), 400-411.
Satici, S. A. (2019). Facebook addiction and subjective well-being:A study of the mediating role of shyness and loneliness. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(1), 41-55.
Sato, E., Matsuda, K., & Carducci, B. J. (2018). A factor analytical investigation of the Japanese translation of the Cheek-Bussshyness scale in support of the three-component model of shyness. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 160-167.
Skowron, E. A., Wester, S. R., & Azen, R. (2004). Differentiation of self mediates college stress and adjustment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(1), 69-78.
Spendelow, J. S., & Joubert, H. E. (2018). Does experiential avoidance mediate the relationship between gender role conflict and psychological distress? American Journal of Mens' Health, 12(4), 688-695.
Teppers, E., Luyckx, K., Vanhalst, J., Klimstra, T., & Goossens, L. (2014). Attitudes towards aloneness during adolescence:A person-centered approach.Infant and Child Development, 23, 239-248.
Van Zalk, N., Lamb, M. E., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2017). Doesshyness vary according to attained social roles? Trends across age groups in a large British sample. Journal of Personality, 85(6), 830-840.
Venta, A., Sharp, C., & Hart, J. (2012). The relation between anxiety disorder and experiential avoidance in inpatient adolescents.Psychological Assessment, 24(1), 240-248.
Xue, Y., Xu, Z. Y., Zaroff, C., Chi, P., Du, H., Ungvari, G. S.,...Xiang, Y. T. (2018). Associations of differentiation of self and adult attachment in individuals with anxiety-related disorders. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 54(1), 54-63.
Zhang, C. Q., Chung, P. K., Si, G. Y., & Liu, J. D. (2014). Psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II for Chinese college students and elite Chinese athletes.Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(4), 256-270.
安芹,陈浩. (2015). 自我分化与社交回避及苦恼的关系:安全感的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 23(5), 791-794.
安芹,吴玉珅,王茹,曹娟. (2018). 青少年自我分化与亲子关系、同伴关系:有调节的中介效应. 中国临床心理学杂志, 26(5), 1026-1033.
柴莉颖.(2010).大学生自我分化与家庭功能、社交焦虑的功能(硕士学位论文).河北师范大学, 石家庄.
陈英敏, 刘忠花, 李亮, 曲艺, 韩磊, 高峰强. (2018). 高中生羞怯与学业适应的关系:学业求助的中介作用. 心理发展与教育,34(3), 322-329.
费涛. (2011). 大学生人际困扰与家庭功能、自我分化水平的关系研究(硕士学位论文). 上海师范大学.
刘春艳,王鑫强,刘衍玲. (2010). 大学生自我分化与生活满意度关系研究.中国学校卫生,31(10), 1256-1257.
刘慧琴,吴希林,邓云龙. (2018). 大学生特质正念与抑郁情绪:经验回避和冗思的链式中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志,26(3), 565-569.
刘慧瀛,王婉. (2017). 自尊、体验回避和抑郁在自杀意念形成中的作用. 心理科学, 40(6), 1498-1503.
刘雅琼. (2016). 大学生心理弹性和人际压力的关系及其干预研究(硕士学位论文). 河北师范大学, 石家庄.
汪向东,王希林,马弘.(1999). 心理卫生评定量表手册. 北京:中国心理卫生杂志社出版.
温忠麟,叶宝娟. (2014). 有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补? 心理学报,46(5), 714-726.
吴煜辉,王桂平. (2010). 大学生自我分化量表的初步修订. 心理研究, 3(4), 40-45.
熊红星, 张璟, 叶宝娟, 郑雪, 孙配贞. (2012). 共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析. 心理科学进展, 20(5), 757-769.
姚玉红, 刘亮, 赵旭东. (2011). 不同性别低年级大学生的自我分化与心理健康:自尊的调节作用. 中国心理卫生杂志, 25(11), 856-861.
俞国良, 辛自强. (2004). 社会性发展心理学. 合肥:安徽教育出版社.
赵思琦, 张守臣, 金童林, 朱丽娟, 贾彦茹, 李琦. (2019). 神经质对青少年情绪化饮食的影响:一个有调节的中介效应模型. 心理科学,42(2), 477-483.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展,12(6), 942-950.
[1] 郭嘉程, 董柔纯, 许放, 徐旋, 牛更枫, 周宗奎. 社会临场感与大学生网络过激行为的关系:双自我意识的并行中介及性别的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 176-186.
[2] 王玉龙, 赵婧斐, 蔺秀云. 家庭风险因素对青少年自伤的累积效应及其性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 240-247.
[3] 樊香麟, 崔英锦. 客体化身体意识与女大学生限制性饮食行为的关系:外貌负面评价恐惧和社会文化压力的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 122-131.
[4] 张慧如, 张伟达, 傅王倩, 邓敏, 彭苏浩, 李玉. 孤独感对创造性倾向的影响:无聊倾向和焦虑情绪的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 132-141.
[5] 邹盛奇, 伍新春. 父母冲突与青少年同伴依恋的关系:亲子依恋的中介作用及性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 798-807.
[6] 何安明, 张钰睿, 惠秋平. 大学生感恩与社会幸福感的关系:手机冷落行为的中介作用和负性生活事件的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(4): 505-512.
[7] 赵纤, 王志航, 王东方, 袁言云, 尹霞云, 黎志华. 贫困家庭儿童在青少年早期的亲社会行为发展轨迹:性别及父母教养方式异质性的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(3): 323-332.
[8] 杜秀芳, 武玉玺, 徐政, 袁晓倩, 陈功香. 金钱启动与道德认同对大学生道德伪善的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(3): 342-349.
[9] 喻昊雪, 李卉, 王福兴. 大学生公正世界信念与学业倦怠的关系:应对方式与无聊倾向的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(3): 391-401.
[10] 曾子豪, 彭丽仪, 詹林, 刘双金, 欧阳晓优, 丁道群, 黎志华, 胡义秋, 方晓义. 儿童期受虐对大学生抑郁症状的影响:主观幸福感的中介和基因的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(2): 276-285.
[11] 曹瑞琳, 梅松丽, 梁磊磊, 李传恩, 张莹. 感恩与大学生网络成瘾的关系:核心自我评价和生命意义感的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(2): 286-294.
[12] 陈子循, 李金文, 王雨萌, 刘霞. 累积环境风险与大学生自伤的关系:情绪调节策略的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(1): 109-120.
[13] 郑爽, 刘红瑞, 李静, 席雨, 姚梅林. 主动性人格与大学生创业准备行为的关系:创业意向的中介效应与创业社会支持的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(6): 813-821.
[14] 王浩, 俞国良. 大学生依恋焦虑与抑郁的关系:恋爱中关系攻击和关系质量的序列中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(6): 879-885.
[15] 朱黎君, 杨强, 叶宝娟, 陈智楠, 张丽. 自然联结对大学生抑郁的影响:有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(6): 886-893.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!