音乐经验延缓老年人声调范畴感知衰退:工作记忆的中介作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.03.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 先前研究表明,音乐经验有利于改善老年人音段层面的言语感知水平,但能否延缓老年人在超音段层面精细化的声调范畴感知衰退及其认知机制仍不清楚。本研究采用经典语音范畴感知实验范式,对比年轻音乐家、年轻非音乐家、老年音乐家和老年非音乐家对普通话声调阴平(T1)-阳平(T2)连续统的感知表现。结果发现:(1)相较于年轻人群体,老年人群体的声调范畴感知能力显著下降,但音乐经验可以增强其范畴感知水平;(2)年龄和音乐经验通过工作记忆的中介作用改善老年人声调范畴感知能力。结果表明:音乐经验通过提高工作记忆增强声调范畴感知能力,进而延缓老年人感知精细化音高线索衰退的进程。这些发现为音乐学习对抗言语感知老龄化提供了坚实的理论基础,研究结果将进一步深化音乐学习在教育与医疗领域的广泛应用。

关键词: 声调范畴感知, 音乐经验, 老龄化, 工作记忆

Abstract: Previous studies have shown that musical experience is beneficial for improving speech perception at the segmental level in older adults. However, it is unclear whether it could help mitigate the decline in categorical perception (CP) of lexical tones at the suprasegmental level. Furthermore, the cognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of musical experience on CP in older adults remains unknown. To investigate the issue, this study employed a classical CP experimental paradigm to compare the performance of younger musicians, younger non-musicians, older musicians, and older non-musicians on the perception of Mandarin tones (T1-T2) continuum. The results revealed that: (1) Compared to younger individuals, older participants showed a significant decline in CP of lexical tones, but musical experience could enhance their CP competence; (2) Age and musical experience had opposite impacts on influencing older adults’ CP performance through working memory mediation. The findings indicated that musical experience could improve CP ability by enhancing working memory, thereby delaying the decline in fine-grained pitch perception in older adults. The findings provided a solid theoretical foundation for conducting musical training to combat age-related decline in speech perception, which will further deepen the application of musical training in the fields of education and healthcare.

Key words: categorical perception of lexical tones, musical experience, aging, working memory

中图分类号:

B844

贺梦洁, 姚尧, 陈飞. 音乐经验延缓老年人声调范畴感知衰退:工作记忆的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(3): 348-357.

HE Mengjie, YAO Yao, CHEN Fei. Musical Experience Mitigates the Age-related Decline in Categorical Perception of Lexical Tones: Working Memory Is the Mediator[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(3): 348-357.

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