类比推理策略与工作记忆、抑制控制关系的年龄差异

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.06.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用眼动技术探究不同年龄群体类比推理策略的使用差异及其与工作记忆、抑制控制的关系。结果表明:(1)儿童在类比过程中采用不成熟的“语义限制”策略的比例比成人更高;(2)言语工作记忆和反应抑制均能显著预测儿童的两种类比推理策略,此外,视空间工作记忆能显著预测儿童“语义限制”策略;但只有反应抑制可以显著预测成人的两种类比推理策略。本研究突破了以往行为研究只关注类比推理结果的局限性,利用眼动技术探明了儿童和成人完成类比推理的内在过程,并揭示了不同年龄群体类比推理策略的影响因素,为类比推理策略的相关研究提供了新的研究视角,并为提升儿童类比能力提供了理论依据。

关键词: 类比推理策略, 工作记忆, 抑制控制, 年龄差异

Abstract: This study used eye movement technique to investigate the relationships among analogical reasoning strategies, working memory and inhibitory control and examine whether such relationships differ between children and adults. The results showed that: (1) Children are more likely than adults to use immature Semantic-constraint strategy during analogical reasoning; (2) Both verbal working memory and response inhibition significantly predicted children's two analogical reasoning strategies. In addition, visuospatial working memory significantly predicted children's Semantic-constraint strategy; (3) Only response inhibition significantly predicted adults' two analogical reasoning strategies. Instead of only focusing on the behavioral results of analogical reasoning in previous studies, this study used the eye movement technique to reveal the processes of analogical reasoning. These findings provided new evidence related to analogical reasoning processing and provided a theoretical guide for improving children's analogical ability.

Key words: analogical reasoning strategy, working memory, inhibitory control, age difference

中图分类号:

B844

彭越, 张和颐, 陈英和, 雷秀雅, 戚玥, 于晓, 乔学文, 刘沫漩, 颜露懿. 类比推理策略与工作记忆、抑制控制关系的年龄差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 761-771.

PENG Yue, ZHANG Heyi, CHEN Yinghe, LEI Xiuya, QI Yue, YU Xiao, QIAO Xuewen, LIU Moxuan, YAN Luyi. Age Differences in Analogical Reasoning Strategies and Their Relationships with Working Memory and Inhibitory Control[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 761-771.

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