贫困家庭儿童在青少年早期的亲社会行为发展轨迹:性别及父母教养方式异质性的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.03.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究贫困家庭儿童在青少年早期的亲社会行为发展轨迹以及父母教养方式的异质性及其性别效应,对815名贫困家庭儿童(M=11.75±1.55岁;男生351人)的父母教养方式进行评估,并对其亲社会行为进行了2年共4次的追踪调查,数据分别采用潜在剖面分析和多组潜变量增长模型进行分析。结果发现:(1)贫困家庭儿童的亲社会行为水平在青少年早期呈显著的线性下降趋势;(2)贫困家庭父母教养方式的异质性对儿童亲社会行为的初始水平和发展轨迹均有显著的效应,积极关爱型贫困家庭儿童的亲社会行为初始水平得分显著高于其它类型,但在发展轨迹上却呈线性下降的趋势;消极控制型贫困家庭儿童的亲社会行为在初始水平上显著低于其它类型,其发展轨迹无显著变化;(3)在性别效应上,适度关爱型组别中女生亲社会行为的初始水平显著的高于男生,且该组女生的亲社会行为下降速度比男生缓慢。结论:贫困家庭父母教养方式的异质性对青少年早期儿童亲社会行为发展轨迹存在显著效应,适度关爱型父母教养方式可以缓冲贫困家庭中女孩亲社会行为的下降速度。

关键词: 贫困家庭儿童, 亲社会行为, 发展轨迹, 父母教养方式, 性别差异

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the developmental trajectory of Chinese impoverished children’s prosocial behaviors during early adolescence. Latent Profile Model and Multi-group Latent Growth Model was conducted to examine the development trajectory of prosocial behavior and to explore gender differences and predictive effects of parenting style heterogeneity on the developmental trajectory. A sample of 815 Chinese impoverished children (Mean_age = 11.75 ±1.55 years old) were investigated four times in two years. Due to sample attrition, 763 Chinese impoverished children (Mean_age = 13.88 ±1.52 years old) were investigated in the last survey. Results showed that: (1) Impoverished children’s prosocial behavior decreased linearly during the early of adolescence; (2) The heterogeneity of parenting style in poor families had significant effects on the initial level and developmental trajectory of children's prosocial behaviors, with the initial score of impoverished children’s prosocial behavior from positive caring groups significantly higher than other groups, but the developmental trajectory showed a linear decline; however, the prosocial behaviors of the children from the negative control groups were significantly lower than other groups at the initial level, but the developmental trajectory did not change significantly; (3) In terms of gender effect, the initial level of prosocial behavior of girls in the moderate caring groups were significantly higher than boys, and the decline rate of prosocial behavior of girls in this groups were slower than boys. Conclusion: The heterogeneity of parenting style had a significant effect on the developmental trajectory of prosocial behaviors of early adolescent impoverish children. Moderate caring parenting styles can relieve the decline rate of prosocial behaviors of female impoverished children.

Key words: impoverished children, prosocial behavior, development trajectory, parenting style, gender difference

中图分类号:

B844

赵纤, 王志航, 王东方, 袁言云, 尹霞云, 黎志华. 贫困家庭儿童在青少年早期的亲社会行为发展轨迹:性别及父母教养方式异质性的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(3): 323-332.

ZHAO Xian, WANG Zhihang, WANG Dongfang, YUAN Yanyun, YIN Xiayun, LI Zhihua. Developmental Trajectory of Prosocial Behavior in Impoverished Children during Early Adolescence: The Effects of Gender and Parenting Style Heterogeneity[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 323-332.

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