失独父母的社区支持现状及其与心理健康的关系

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2024.05.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 失独群体缺乏来自家庭的支持,可能面临一系列心理问题,因此来自外部社区的支持非常关键。研究一以北京心灵家园的27位失独父母为样本,通过访谈和编码的方式分析了失独群体的社区支持来源、类别及感受;研究二以297名失独老人为对象, 采取问卷法比较了主客观社会支持和失独群体心理健康的关系。质性访谈结果表明,失独群体接受的社区支持形式包括物质、情感、服务三类,主要支持来源为政府、社区服务人员以及其他失独人员,其中政府支持起着十分重要的作用;量化研究结果发现,在客观支持与心理健康指标的关联性上,社区支持不显著而家庭支持显著;在主观支持与心理健康的关联性上,社区支持和家庭支持都有显著关联,且都能中介客观家庭支持的预测效应。总的来说,社区支持对于失独家庭的积极作用不可忽视,应鼓励政府和社会继续为失独群体提供帮助;同时在此过程中,失独老人的主观感受应该得到重视。

关键词: 失独, 社会支持, 社区支持, 心理健康, 老年人

Abstract: Shidu parents refer to those parents who lost their only children. The death of the only child could endanger the mental health. Therefore, social support from the community might play an important role. Study 1 adopted a qualitative design with in-person interviews on the community support received by Shidu parents from 27 participants. Study 2 adopted a quantitative design using questionnaires to examine the associations between community support and Shidu parents’ mental health from 297 participants. The results of Study 1 indicated that:(1) Shidu parents received three types of support from community, namely material support, emotional support, and service; (2) Main sources of the community supports include the government, social workers in community, and support from the government plays a key role. The results of study 2 suggested that:(1) Regard to the objective support, family support but not community support can directly predict Shidu parents’ mental health; (2) Regard to the subjective support, both community support and family support can directly predict Shidu parents’ mental health; and both can play the role of mediator between objective support and mental health. In conclusion, community support plays important role in sustaining Shidu parents’ mental health, which ensures the government’s policy and practice for helping this vulnerable population. Meanwhile, more concerns need to be focused on Shidu parents’ true needs and subjective feelings of the government supports.

Key words: Shidu, social support, community support, mental health, older adult

中图分类号:

B844

艾美杉, 刘玺, 王大华. 失独父母的社区支持现状及其与心理健康的关系[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(5): 720-728.

AI Meishan, LIU Xi, WANG Dahua. Shidu Parents’ Community Support and Its Association with Mental Health[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(5): 720-728.

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