心理发展与教育 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 761-771.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.06.01

• 认知与社会性发展 •    下一篇

类比推理策略与工作记忆、抑制控制关系的年龄差异

彭越1, 张和颐2, 陈英和3,4, 雷秀雅1, 戚玥3,4, 于晓1, 乔学文5, 刘沫漩3, 颜露懿3   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学人文社会科学学院心理学系, 北京 100083;
    2. 北京师范大学教育学部, 北京 100875;
    3. 北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875;
    4. 北京师范大学发展心理研究院, 北京 100875;
    5. 山东省威海市文登区特殊教育学校, 威海 264400
  • 发布日期:2023-11-11
  • 通讯作者: 于晓 E-mail:yx0903yingzhong@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“'双减’背景下学龄儿童类比思维的发展特点及干预促进:类比表现和类比过程的综合考察”(BLX202135);国家自然科学基金项目(32171061);中国博士后科学基金面上资助二等(2022M710411)。

Age Differences in Analogical Reasoning Strategies and Their Relationships with Working Memory and Inhibitory Control

PENG Yue1, ZHANG Heyi2, CHEN Yinghe3,4, LEI Xiuya1, QI Yue3,4, YU Xiao1, QIAO Xuewen5, LIU Moxuan3, YAN Luyi3   

  1. 1. Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083;
    2. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;
    3. Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;
    4. Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;
    5. Special Education School, Wendeng District, Weihai 264400
  • Published:2023-11-11

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摘要： 本研究采用眼动技术探究不同年龄群体类比推理策略的使用差异及其与工作记忆、抑制控制的关系。结果表明:(1)儿童在类比过程中采用不成熟的“语义限制”策略的比例比成人更高;(2)言语工作记忆和反应抑制均能显著预测儿童的两种类比推理策略,此外,视空间工作记忆能显著预测儿童“语义限制”策略;但只有反应抑制可以显著预测成人的两种类比推理策略。本研究突破了以往行为研究只关注类比推理结果的局限性,利用眼动技术探明了儿童和成人完成类比推理的内在过程,并揭示了不同年龄群体类比推理策略的影响因素,为类比推理策略的相关研究提供了新的研究视角,并为提升儿童类比能力提供了理论依据。

关键词: 类比推理策略, 工作记忆, 抑制控制, 年龄差异

Abstract: This study used eye movement technique to investigate the relationships among analogical reasoning strategies, working memory and inhibitory control and examine whether such relationships differ between children and adults. The results showed that: (1) Children are more likely than adults to use immature Semantic-constraint strategy during analogical reasoning; (2) Both verbal working memory and response inhibition significantly predicted children's two analogical reasoning strategies. In addition, visuospatial working memory significantly predicted children's Semantic-constraint strategy; (3) Only response inhibition significantly predicted adults' two analogical reasoning strategies. Instead of only focusing on the behavioral results of analogical reasoning in previous studies, this study used the eye movement technique to reveal the processes of analogical reasoning. These findings provided new evidence related to analogical reasoning processing and provided a theoretical guide for improving children's analogical ability.

Key words: analogical reasoning strategy, working memory, inhibitory control, age difference

中图分类号: 

  • B844
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