竞争和合作对学龄前儿童分配模式的影响:心理理论和抑制控制的作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2019.04.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究考察在双方贡献不相等时，3~6岁儿童分配模式的发展趋势及其原因。98名儿童在竞争或合作情境下和玩偶进行钓鱼游戏，然后对6枚冰箱贴进行分配。结果发现5~6岁儿童比3~4岁儿童进行平均分配的比例更高，一级心理理论和抑制控制能力完全中介了年龄的效应。和竞争情境相比，合作情境促进儿童进行平均分配，同时情境调节了抑制控制对分配模式的影响。研究表明一级心理理论和抑制控制能力的发展能够解释学龄前儿童分配模式的变化。

关键词: 分配公平性, 竞争/合作, 心理理论, 抑制控制, 学龄前儿童

Abstract: The current study investigated the distribution pattern and its underlying reason of preschoolers for unequal merits. Children aged 3 to 6 years (N=98) played a "fishing game" with a puppet in either competitive or collaborative context, and then allocated 6 refrigerator magnets. Results showed that, compared to 3-to 4-year-olds, a larger proportion of 5-to 6-year-olds distributed resources equally. First-order theory of mind and inhibitory control played a fully mediating role in age's prediction on distribution pattern. Also, children in collaborative context made more equal distribution instead of merit-based distribution than those in competitive context. Meanwhile, the relationship between inhibitory control and distribution was moderated by context. The current study implied that the development of distributive justice in Chinese children might be different from that in Western cultures, and context and individual abilities had a joint effect on distribution.

Key words: distributive justice, competition/collaboration, theory of mind, inhibitory control, preschoolers

中图分类号:

B844

王笑楠, 郝洋, 苏彦捷. 竞争和合作对学龄前儿童分配模式的影响:心理理论和抑制控制的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(4): 385-392.

WANG Xiaonan, HAO Yang, SU Yanjie. Effect of Competition and Collaboration on Preschoolers' Resource Distribution: The Role of Theory of Mind and Inhibitory Control[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2019, 35(4): 385-392.

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