社会支持弱化与倾向避免失败:中国大学生成就动机的代际演变

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.04.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大学生群体作为未来社会建设的重要参与者,其成就动机水平对未来社会的发展具有潜在影响。以往研究主要在微观层面考察成就动机与其他心理变量之间的关系,很少关注成就动机的变迁趋势及其社会层面的影响因素。本研究对2000至2022年间采用成就动机量表开展的研究进行横断历史元分析,以考察大学生群体成就动机(包含追求成功与避免失败两个动机维度)水平的变迁趋势,并探究其与社会支持水平之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)我国大学生成就动机水平呈现随年代降低的趋势,其中追求成功动机水平随年代保持稳定,避免失败动机水平随年代上升;(2)社会发展过程中社会支持水平的下降显著正向预测避免失败动机水平的上升趋势。

关键词: 成就动机, 避免失败动机, 社会支持, 稀缺理论, 横断历史元分析

Abstract: College students, as the main force in future societal construction, represent a unique social group whose levels of achievement motivation can significantly impact the development of society. Previous research has primarily focused on the micro-level relationships between achievement motivation and other psychological variables, with limited attention to its changing trends and macro-level influencing factors. This study conducts a cross-temporal meta-analysis of research using the Achievement Motivation Scale from 2000 to 2022 to examine the trend in achievement motivation level among college students and its relationship with social support. The results indicate that: (1) The achievement motivation level of Chinese college students has shown a decreasing trend over the years, with the level of avoidance of failure increasing; (2) The decline in social support during societal development significantly and positively predicts the rising trend of failure-avoidance motivation.

Key words: achievement motivation, failure-avoidance motivation, social support, scarcity theory, cross-temporal meta-analysis

中图分类号:

B844

杨明, 辛素飞, 辛自强. 社会支持弱化与倾向避免失败:中国大学生成就动机的代际演变[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 525-535.

YANG Ming, XIN Sufei, XIN Ziqiang. Weakening Social Support and the Tendency to Avoid Failure: Intergenerational Changes of Achievement Motivation among Chinese College Students[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(4): 525-535.

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