老年人身体健康与依恋长期性变化的联系:六年的追踪研究

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.05.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究老年期依恋的长期变化,以及身体健康因素的影响,本项研究招募了779名已婚老人(平均年龄为67.58±5.31岁),追踪6年(两年测量一次,共4次)。采用SF-36问卷评估被试的身体健康(包括躯体疼痛、生理功能和生理职能三个方面);采用老年夫妻依恋问卷评估被试的依恋取向(包括焦虑、回避和安全三个维度)。使用多元潜变量曲线模型分析健康因素与老年依恋长期变化的联系,结果表明:(1)6年间老人依恋回避显著上升,依恋安全显著下降;(2)6年间,躯体疼痛的长期变化可以影响老人依恋焦虑和依恋安全的长期变化。具体体现在:躯体疼痛感上升的老人,其依恋焦虑水平也上升,且依恋安全水平下降。并且,这样的关联模式也体现在截距的关系上。本研究表明,老年期的依恋仍在经历发展变化,同时躯体疼痛会影响老年人依恋的长期性变化,且这种变化可以成为依恋个体间差异的来源。

关键词: 老年人, 依恋, 长期性变化, 身体健康, 疼痛

Abstract: To explore how physical health is associated with attachment changes in older adults, 779 married older adults were tracked for six years (measured once every two years, four times). Multivariate latent variable curve model was used to analyze the relationship between physical health and long-term changes of attachment. We used the three dimensions of physical health measurement in SF36 (physiological function, physical function, and bodily pain) to measure physical health, and OAMAS to measure elderly marital attachment (this is a tool specially developed older peple, including three dimensions: attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and attachment security). The results showed that: (1) In the past six years, the attachment avoidance of older people increased significantly, while the attachment security decreased significantly; (2) Bodily pain has a long-term process effect on attachment anxiety and attachment security in the six years (bodily pain has a marginally significant effect on anxiety). Moreover, the intercept associations corresponded to long-term process effects, suggesting that long-term process effects of bodily pain may shape individual differences in attachment in older age. In conclusion, the attachment changes and develops in later years of Chinese people, and the increase of bodily pain shapes the long-term change of attachment and accumulates into individual differences.

Key words: older adult, attachment, long-term changes, physical health, bodily pain

中图分类号:

B844

赵沐恩, 韩布新, 王大华. 老年人身体健康与依恋长期性变化的联系:六年的追踪研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(5): 663-674.

ZHAO Muen, HAN Buxin, WANG Dahua. The Relationship between Physical Health and Long-term Changes of Older People Attachment: A 6-year Follow-up Study[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(5): 663-674.

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