共情与青少年内外化问题的关系及影响机制

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.03.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 内外化问题是青少年最常见的心理行为问题，共情与青少年内外化问题具有重要联系，但以往研究青少年内外化问题的时候不注重共情不同成分的区分；即使区分了共情的不同成分，认知共情和情绪共情作为共情的不同成分和内外化问题的关系仍旧存在一定争议，且共情对内外化问题影响的机制鲜有探讨。本文首先综述了认知共情和情绪共情与青少年内外化问题的关系，并借助共情的发生过程（自我-他人模型）理论、发展过程（风险性发展模型）理论和相关神经生理因素，为理解共情对青少年内外化问题的影响机制提供了解释。未来研究可明确共情的定义，发展更生态化的测评方式，并进一步探索影响因素及机制，结合和关注个体特点、特殊群体及文化背景，以便为揭示共情与青少年内外化问题构建更系统的理论。

关键词: 共情, 内外化问题, 青少年, 自我-他人模型, 风险性发展模型

Abstract: Internalizing and externalizing problems were identified as the most common prevalence psychological and behavior problems among adolescents. Although empathy has close relationship with adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems, the different relationships among the components of empathy (i.e., cognitive empathy, affective empathy) and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems remain less studied in previous studies, also the pathway between empathy and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. The present study firstly reviewed the associations between cognitive empathy, affective empathy and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. Furthermore, we introduced the generation model of empathy (Self to Other Model of Empathy, SOME), the development model of empathy (Risky Empathy Development Model, REDM) and related neurophysiological factors to promote the elaboration of the pathway between empathy and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. In future, the definition and components of empathy should be clarified and distinguished. More efforts should be devoted to the development of measures and the exploration of the relationship between behavioral empathy and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. In order to construct systematic theoretical models on the relationship between empathy and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, individual characteristics, special groups and cultural backgrounds should be involved in the future studies.

Key words: empathy, internalizing and externalizing problems, adolescent, self to other model, risky empathy development model

中图分类号:

B844

陈慧, 何婷, 唐远琼, 唐怡欣, 陆风勇, 蔺秀云. 共情与青少年内外化问题的关系及影响机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(3): 439-446.

CHEN Hui, HE Ting, TANG Yuanqiong, TANG Yixin, LU Fengyong, LIN Xiuyun. The Associations and Pathways between Empathy and Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Problems[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(3): 439-446.

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