亲子分离与青少年同伴侵害和抑郁的关系:一项追踪研究

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.03.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用追踪研究设计，对贵州省1094名青少年进行了间隔半年的两次测查，考察早期亲子分离对青少年后期同伴侵害经历及抑郁水平的影响及性别差异。结果表明：（1）早期亲子分离能显著增加T1同伴侵害和抑郁，并通过T1的同伴侵害和抑郁间接影响T2的同伴侵害和抑郁；（2）亲子分离、同伴侵害和抑郁的关系存在显著性别差异：在女生组中，早期亲子分离不仅能够显著增加T1抑郁水平，还通过影响T1抑郁间接影响T2的同伴侵害状况，且早期亲子分离也可以边缘显著预测T1的同伴侵害状况；在男生组中，亲子分离仅能显著预测T1的同伴侵害经历，对于T1抑郁及T2时间点的各变量则无显著影响；（3）无论是否受到亲子分离的影响，同伴侵害与青少年抑郁之间均存在相互作用关系。研究结果提示早期亲子分离会导致青少年后期同伴侵害经历及抑郁水平上升，且主要体现在女生群体中，这为经历亲子分离后青少年心理健康干预方案的制定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 亲子分离, 同伴侵害, 抑郁, 青少年, 追踪研究

Abstract: Using a longitudinal design, the current study aimed to investigate the associations among early parent-child separation, later peer victimization and depression of adolescents, and examine whether there existed gender differences. A total sample of 1094 adolescents were recruited from Guizhou province. Two waves of data collections were conducted with an interval of half a year. Results showed that:(1) Early parent-child separation could not only significantly and positively predict peer victimization and depression at wave 1, but also indirectly predict peer victimization and depression at wave 2 through the mediating roles of peer victimization and depression at wave 1;(2) There were significant gender differences among the associations among parent-child separation, peer victimization and depression. As for females, early parent-child separation could not only significantly increase the depression at wave 1, but also indirectly affect peer victimization at wave 2 through depression at wave 1. In addition, early parent-child separation could marginally predict peer victimization at wave 1. As for males, parent-child separation only predicted peer victimization at wave 1, while it had no significant effects on depression at wave 1 and variables at wave 2; (3) Regardless of the effects of parent-child separation, there was a bidirectional relationship between peer victimization and depression. Our investigation suggested that early parent-child separation experience would lead to higher peer victimization and depression in adolescents, especially in the girl group. These findings had certain practical implications for educators in understanding and protecting mental health of young people with parent-child separation.

Key words: parent-child separation, peer victimization, depression, adolescents, longitudinal study

中图分类号:

B844

陈子循, 冯映雪, 宋文莉, 刘霞. 亲子分离与青少年同伴侵害和抑郁的关系:一项追踪研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(3): 429-438.

CHEN Zixun, FENG Yingxue, SONG Wenli, LIU Xia. The Relationship of Parent-child Separation, Peer Victimization and Depression in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(3): 429-438.

参考文献

Banny, A. M., Dante, C., Rogosch, F. A., Assaf, O., & Crick, N. R. (2013). Vulnerability to depression:a moderated mediation model of the roles of child maltreatment, peer victimization, and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genetic variation among children from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Development & Psychopathology, 25(3), 599-614.
Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K., & Patton, G. C. (2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers.BMJ, 323(7311), 480-484.
Bornstein, M. H. (2015). Children' s parents. In M. H. Bornstein, & T. Leventhal (Eds.),Handbook of child psychology and developmental science:Ecological settings and processes (7th ed, Vol. 4, pp. 55-132). Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. In Michalos A.C. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. London:Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (2009). The ecology of human development:Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge:Harvard university press.
Card, N. A., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2008). Peer victimization among schoolchildren:Correlations, causes, consequences, and considerations in assessment and intervention.School Psychology Quarterly, 23(4), 451-461.
Chen, M., & Chan, K. L. (2016). Parental absence, child victimization, and psychological well-being in rural China. Child Abuse & Neglect, 59(7), 45-54.
Chen, X., Liang, N., & Ostertag, S. F. (2017). Victimization of Children Left Behind in Rural China. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(4), 515-543.
Chen, X., Zeng, C., Gong, C., Zhang, L., Wan, Y., Tao, F., & Sun, Y. (2019). Associations between early life parent-child separation and shortened telomere length and psychopathological outcomes during adolescence.Psychoneuroendocrinology, 103, 195-202.
Cheng, J., & Sun, Y. H. (2015). Depression and anxiety among left-behind children in China:A systematic review. Child Care Health and Development, 41(4), 515-523.
Coyne, J. C. (1976). Toward an Interactional Description of Depression. Psychiatry, 39(1), 28-40.
Coyne, S. M., Archer, J., & Eslea, M. (2006). "We're not friends anymore! Unless…" The frequency and harmfulness of indirect, relational, and social aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 32(4), 294-307.
Duarte, A. C., Matos, A. P., & Marques, C. (2015). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms:gender's moderating effect. Procedia Social & Behavioral Sciences, 165, 275-283.
Duncan, R. D. (2011).Family relationships of bullies and victims. In D. L. Espelage; & S. M. Swearer (Eds.), Bullying in North American schools (2nd edition, pp. 191-204). New York, NY:Routledge.
EbrahimiGhavam, S., & Khezri, H. (2019). The Role of School Connectedness and Family Cohesion in Predicting Bullying and Victimization in an Iranian Sample. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal, 1(1), 8-14.
Fan, F.,Su, L., Gill, M. K., & Birmaher, B. (2010). Emotional and behavioral problems of Chinese left-behind children:A preliminary study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(6), 655-664.
Forbes, M. K., Fitzpatrick, S.,Magson, N. R., & Rapee, R. M. (2019). Depression, Anxiety, and Peer Victimization:Bidirectional Relationships and Associated Outcomes Transitioning from Childhood to Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(4), 692-702.
Gao, Y., Li, L. P., Kim, J. H., Congdon, N., Lau, J., & Griffiths, S. (2010). The impact of parental migration on health status and healthbehaviours among left behind adolescent school children in China. BMC Public Health, 10, 56.
Hames, J. L., Hagan, C. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2013). Interpersonal Processes in Depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 355-377.
Hanish, L. D., & Guerra, N. G. (2000). Predictors of Peer Victimization among Urban Youth. Social Development, 9(4), 521-543.
He, B., Fan, J., Liu, N., Li, H., Wang, Y., Williams, J., & Wong, K. (2012). Depression risk of ‘left-behind children’ in rural China. Psychiatry Research, 200(2), 306-312.
Hong, I. K., Wang, W.,Pepler, D., & Craig, W. M. (2020). Peer victimization through a trauma lens:Identifying who is at risk for negative outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(1), 6-16.
Humphreys, K. L. (2018). Future directions in the study and treatment of parent-child separation.Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 48(1), 166-178.
Kaufman, T. M.,Kretschmer, T., Huitsing, G., & Veenstra, R. (2020). Caught in a vicious cycle? Explaining bidirectional spillover between parent-child relationships and peer victimization. Development and Psychopathology, 32(1), 11-20.
Kochel, K. P., Ladd, G. W., & Rudolph, K. D. (2012). Longitudinal associations among youth depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and low peer acceptance:An interpersonal process perspective.Child Development, 83(2), 637-650.
Lerner, R. M. (2006). Developmental science, developmental systems, and contemporary theories of human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (editors-in-chief) and R. M. Lerner (vol. ed.),Handbook of child psychology. Vol. 1:Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 1-17, 43-61, 542-548). Hoboken, NJ:Wiley.
Lopez, C., & Dubois, D. L. (2005). Peer victimization and rejection:investigation of an integrative model of effects on emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment in early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 25-36.
Lu, Y., Yeung, J. W., Liu, J., & Treiman, D. J. (2019). Migration and children's psychosocial development in China:When and why migration matters. Social Science Research, 77, 130-147.
Malamut, S., Mali, L. V., Schwartz, D. A., Hopmeyer, A., & Luo, T. (2017). Depressive symptoms as a predictor of social difficulties in a gang-impacted context. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 51(4), 4-11.
Mynard, H., & Joseph, S. (2000). Development of the multidimensional peer-victimization scale. Aggressive Behavior, 26(2), 169-178.
Nolan, S. A., Flynn, C., & Garber, J. (2003). Prospective relations between rejection and depression in young adolescents.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 745-755.
Otake, Y., Liu, X., & Luo, X. (2017). Involvement in Bullying Among Left-Behind Children in Provincial Chinese Cities:The Role of Perceived Emotional Support. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 28(8), 943-957.
Pedersen, S.,Vitaro, F., Barker, E. D., & Borge, A. I. H. (2007). The timing of middle-childhood peer rejection and friendship:Linking early behavior to early-adolescent adjustment. Child Development, 78(4), 1037-1051.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
Sentse, M., Prinzie, P., & Salmivalli, C. (2017). Testing the Direction of Longitudinal Paths between Victimization, Peer Rejection, and Different Types of Internalizing Problems in Adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(5), 1013-1023.
Shahar, G., & Davidson, L. (2003). Depressive symptoms erode self-esteem in severe mental illness:A three-wave, cross-lagged study.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(5), 890-900.
Shen, M., Gao, J., Liang, Z., Wang, Y., Du, Y., & Stallones, L. (2015). Parental migration patterns and risk of depression and anxiety disorder among rural children aged 10-18 years in China:A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 5(12), 1-8.
Shetgiri, R. (2013). Bullying and victimization among children. Advances in Pediatrics, 60(1), 33-51.
Shin, H. J., Lee, D. H., Yu, K., & Ham, K. A. (2016). The relationship between parental bonding and peer victimization:Examining child stress and hopelessness as mediators.Asia Pacific Education Review, 17(4), 637-650.
Sweeting, H., Young, R., West, P., & Der, G. (2006). Peer Victimization and Depression in Early-Mid Adolescence:A Longitudinal Study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(3), 577-594.
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in adolescence. The Lancet, 379(9820), 1056-1067.
Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L. (2012). Finnish sixth graders as victims of adult, peer, and co-occurring adult and peer violence:Depression, somatization, and violent ideation in relation to victimization. Journal of Early Adolescence, 33(6), 845-866.
Wang, F., Lu, J., Lin, L., & Zhou, X. (2019). Mental health and risk behaviors of children in rural China with different patterns of parental migration:A cross-sectional study.Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 13(39), 1-9.
Wang, J.,Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States:Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 368-375.
Wang, Y., Xiao, L., Rao, W., Chai, J., Zhang, S., Ng, C. H.,… Xiang, Y. (2019). The prevalence of depressive symptoms in ‘left-behind children’ in China:A meta-analysis of comparative studies and epidemiological surveys. Journal of Affective Disorders, 244, 209-216.
Wen, Y., Li, X., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Hou, W., Bo, Q., … Wang, C. (2019). The effect of left-behind phenomenon and physical neglect on behavioral problems of children.Child Abuse & Neglect, 88, 144-151.
Wolke, D., & Lereya, S. T. (2015). Long-term effects of bullying. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100(9), 879-885.
Wu, W., Qu, G., Wang, L., Tang, X., & Sun, Y. (2019). Meta-analysis of the mental health status of left-behind children in China. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 55(3), 260-270.
Yan, H., Chen, J., & Huang, J. (2019). School Bullying Among Left-Behind Children:The Efficacy of Art Therapy on Reducing Bullying Victimization.Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(40), 1-7.
Zhang, H., Chi, P., Long, H., & Ren, X. (2019). Bullying victimization and depression among left-behind children in rural China:Roles of self-compassion and hope.Child Abuse & Neglect, 96(7), 104072.
Zhang, X., Li, M., Guo, L., & Zhu, Y. (2019). Mental health and its influencing factors among left-behind children in South China:a cross-sectional study.BMC Public Health, 19(1725), 1-11.
Zimmergembeck, M. J., Trevaskis, S., Nesdale, D., & Downey, G. (2014). Relational Victimization, Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms:Indirect Associations Via Self and Peer Reports of Rejection Sensitivity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(4), 568-582.
常青, 黄福康. (2008). 农村留守儿童人格特征初探. 教育学术月刊, 25(2), 78-80.
陈祉妍, 杨小冬, 李新影. (2009). 流调中心抑郁量表在我国青少年中的试用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 17(4), 443-445.
董会芹, 张文新. (2009). 幼儿同伴侵害问卷的编制. 学前教育研究, 23(11), 43-47.
范兴华, 方晓义, 刘勤学, 刘杨. (2009). 流动儿童、留守儿童与一般儿童社会适应比较. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 54(5), 33-40.
郭海英, 陈丽华, 叶枝, 潘瑾, 林丹华. (2017). 流动儿童同伴侵害的特点及与内化问题的循环作用关系:一项追踪研究. 心理学报, 49(3), 336-348.
何靖蕾, 马宏峰, 周成超. (2011). 2008年安徽省部分农村留守儿童抑郁状况调查. 预防医学论坛, 17(4), 303-304.
黄芳, 凌辉. (2018). 留守初中生同伴欺负与抑郁焦虑的关系. 西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 37(1), 102-107.
纪林芹, 潘斌, 王春燕, 娄萍, 陈亮, 张文新. (2018). 青少年早期同伴拒绝、同伴侵害与抑郁的关系:交叉滞后分析. 心理科学, 41(3), 579-585.
李董平, 张卫, 李丹黎, 王艳辉, 甄霜菊. (2012). 教养方式, 气质对青少年攻击的影响:独特,差别与中介效应检验. 心理学报, 44(2), 211-225.
李光友, 罗太敏, 陶方标. (2012). 父母外出打工对留守儿童危险行为和心理因素影响. 中国公共卫生, 28(7), 924-926.
李崟箫. (2018). 同侪压力对农村留守儿童社会行为发展的影响. 山东农业大学学报(社会科学版), 20(4), 38-47.
梁英, 张玉海. (2020). 多元线性回归方法的正确应用和表达. 中国儿童保健杂志, 28(2), 230-232.
林茂. (2019). 亲子分离条件下留守儿童自我保护的建构. 甘肃行政学院学报, 28(03), 101-108.
凌辉, 张建人, 易艳, 周立健, 洪婉妍, 文晶. (2012). 分离年龄和留守时间对留守儿童行为和情绪问题的影响. 中国临床心理学杂志, 20(05), 674-678.
全国妇联课题组. (2013). 全国农村留守儿童、城乡流动儿童状况研究报告. 中国妇运, 63(6), 30-34.
王晖, 刘霞. (2020). 积极资源和压力风险对农村青少年幸福感的累积效应. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 65(2), 38-47.
王雷, 唐盛明. (2009). 青年研究中线性回归方程的应用原则. 当代青年研究, 29(3), 64-68.
王晓蕾, 陈丽华, 卜钰, 林丹华. (2018). 父子依恋、母子依恋与儿童应激下皮质醇反应的关系. 心理发展与教育, 34(1), 10-20.
杨会芹, 刘晖. (2014). 生活事件自尊及冗思对初中留守儿童内化情绪问题影响路径分析. 中国临床心理学杂志, 22(06), 1107-1110.
张海芹. (2011). 农村留守学生校园受欺负状况的调查与应对策略. 河南工业大学学报(社会科学版), 7(3), 154-156.
张文新, 陈亮, 纪林芹, 张玲玲, 陈光辉,王姝琼. (2009). 童年中期身体侵害、关系侵害与儿童的情绪适应. 心理学报, 41(5), 433-443.
赵占锋, 刘广增, 李淑芬, 张兴举. (2018). 青少年同伴侵害与问题行为的关系:心理素质的中介和调节效应. 西南大学学报(社会科学版), 44(5), 90-97.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	王玉龙, 赵婧斐, 蔺秀云. 家庭风险因素对青少年自伤的累积效应及其性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 240-247.
[2]	王艳辉, 沈梓锋, 赖雪芬. 父母心理控制与青少年外化问题行为的关系：意志控制和越轨同伴交往的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 248-256.
[3]	肖嘉林, 梁凯欣, 黄柳玥, 王恩娜, 黄巧敏, 何韵涵, 卢宝琳, 迟新丽. 积极发展资源在减少青少年抑郁水平中的累积效应、关系模式及特定资源的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 257-269.
[4]	魏华, 丁慧敏, 陈武, 郝兴风, 熊婕. 父母低头行为与青少年网络欺负的关系：压力的中介作用与年龄的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 114-121.
[5]	邹盛奇, 伍新春. 父母冲突与青少年同伴依恋的关系:亲子依恋的中介作用及性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 798-807.
[6]	苑媛, 梁周健, 张丽. 结构性校园氛围与中学生抑郁:社会支持的中介作用和性别的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 869-876.
[7]	彭海云, 盛靓, 邱凡硕, 周姿言, 辛素飞. 青少年心理减负从“无聊”开始——无聊倾向对青少年主观幸福感的影响机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 895-902.
[8]	何灿, 魏华, 丁倩, 桂勇. 父母工作性通信工具使用对粗暴养育的影响:焦虑抑郁的中介作用与主管支持感的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 903-912.
[9]	刘庆, 冯兰. 父母婚姻质量和青少年同胞关系:教养方式的中介作用及其性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 654-662.
[10]	刘思含, 伍新春, 王歆逸. 父母教养方式的潜在类别及其与青少年学习投入和焦虑症状的关系[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 673-682.
[11]	沙晶莹, 张向葵, 刘千冬. 人以群分？学业动机比较对青少年同伴选择的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 683-690.
[12]	张雯, 王振宏. 负性生活事件与青少年内化问题的关系:社会支持的中介作用和亲子亲和的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 718-725.
[13]	洪新伟, 苗灵童, 范航, 宋明华, 朱婷婷, 刘燊, 张林. 父母婚姻冲突与青少年攻击行为的关系:情绪安全感和学校联结的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 726-734.
[14]	王玉龙, 苏慧娟, 蔺秀云. 青少年自伤的分类:基于潜在剖面分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 735-742.
[15]	胡义豪, 徐璐妍, 卞小华, 周颖, 刘俊升. 同伴侵害与青少年抑郁的关系:班级攻击规范凸显性的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(4): 542-549.