心理发展与教育 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 363-370.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.03.07

• 认知与社会性发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

自尊对基于面孔吸引力人格特质推断的影响

李回想1,2, 彭茂莹1,2, 杨娟1,2   

  1. 1. 西南大学心理学部, 重庆 400715;
    2. 教育部认知与人格重点实验室, 重庆 400715
  • 发布日期:2021-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨娟 E-mail:valleyqq@swu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31971019);重庆市基础与前沿课题(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0016);重庆市社科规划项目(2019YBSH088)。

Self-esteem Influences Personality Trait Judgments Based on Physical Attractiveness

LI Huixiang1,2, PENG Maoying1,2, YANG Juan1,2   

  1. 1. Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715;
    2. Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715
  • Published:2021-05-18

摘要: 自尊影响面孔吸引力刻板印象,然而由于能动性特质自我评价能够预测自尊,高自尊的个体拥有更高的能动性自我评价,因此自尊对面孔吸引力刻板印象的影响是否只体现在能动性特质维度上还未可知。60名女被试分别评价高、低吸引力女性目标在能动性和社群性人格特质维度上的符合程度。结果发现:能动性维度上,高自尊被试对高吸引力目标在积极特质形容词的符合程度评价显著高于低自尊被试,低自尊被试对低吸引力目标在积极特质形容词的符合程度评价显著高于高自尊被试;社群性维度上,高、低自尊被试均认为高吸引力目标与积极特质形容词更符合。研究结果表明,自尊对面孔吸引力刻板印象的影响主要体现在能动性评价上;在社群性评价上,高、低自尊被试都表现出面孔吸引力刻板印象。

关键词: 自尊, 面孔吸引力刻板印象, 能动性, 社群性

Abstract: Physical attractiveness stereotype implies that individuals who are physically attractive will be attributed positive personality traits. Specifically, the more attractive a person, the more likely that person to be perceived as possessing more socially acclaimed personality attributes. Previous research has suggested a moderating effect of self-esteem on physical attractiveness stereotype, in which compared with high self-esteem, people with low self-esteem had a more negative attitude to attractive others and a more positive attitude to less attractive individuals. In addition, studies also showed a positive correlation between self-esteem and agentic trait self-assessments, which suggested self-esteem is dominated by agentic rather than communal trait self-assessments. Despite research has shown the influence of self-esteem on physical attractiveness stereotype, no studies so far have examined how self-esteem affects the performance of physical attractiveness stereotype on agency and communion dimensions. In this current study, we conducted a 2 (self-esteem level:high, low)×2 (targets attractiveness level:high, low) mixed experimental design to investigated this impact of self-esteem. Twelve female targets photos with high or low attractiveness (6 photos of attractive and unattractive targets respectively) was collected and be randomly matched with different agentic or communal trait adjectives in advance. Sixty healthy female college students (mean age=20.18±1.58) were recruited in the experiment and were divided into either high or low self-esteem group according to their total scores of Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Participants were asked to evaluate the compliance level between the photos and the trait adjectives on a 4 Likert scale (1=no at all, 4=very well). Results indicated that (1) on agentic traits judgments, high self-esteem subjects had a significantly higher evaluations to attractive targets compared with low self-esteem (p=0.019); low self-esteem subjects had a significantly higher evaluations to unattractive targets compared with high self-esteem (p=0.036);(2) on communal traits judgments, consistent with hypothesis, there is no salient evaluation difference between high and low self-esteem subjects to high attractive targets, that is, both high and low self-esteem participants were agreed that attractive targets are more communal than unattractive (p=0.202). As a whole,the results of this current study replicated the findings of most publications showing that there was a robust stabilizing physical attractiveness stereotype on communal trait judgments. Moreover, we found that there was a moderating effect of self-esteem on physical attractiveness stereotype's performance on agentic trait judgement.

Key words: self-esteem, physical attractiveness stereotype, agency, communion

中图分类号: 

  • B844
Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2013).The big two in social judgment and behavior. Social Psychology, 44(2), 61-62.
Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2014). Communal and agentic content in social cognition:A dual perspective model.In J.M. Olson & M.P. Zanna(Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 50, pp. 195-255). Burlington:Academic Press.
Agthe, M., Spörrle, M., Frey, D., Walper, S., & Maner, J. K. (2013). When Romance and Rivalry Awaken. Human Nature, 24(2), 182-195.
Agthe, M., Spörrle, M., & Maner, J. K. (2010). Don't hate me because I'm beautiful:Anti-attractiveness bias in organizational evaluation and decision making.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), 1151-1154.
Agthe, M., Sporrle, M., & Maner, J. K. (2011). Does being attractive always help?Positive and negative effects of attractiveness on social decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(8), 1042-1054.
Bakan, D. (Ed.).(1966). The duality of human existence:An essay on psychology and religion. Oxford, England:Rand McNally.
Bassili, J. N. (1981). The attractiveness stereotype:Goodness or glamour?. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2(4), 235-252.
Baudson, T. G., Weber, K. E., & Freund, P. A. (2016). More than only skin deep:Appearance self-concept predicts most of secondary school students' self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1568.
Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1985). Self-esteem and responses to success and failure:Subsequent performance and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality, 53(3), 450-467.
Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1974). Physical attractiveness.Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 7(1), 157-215.
Bi, C. Z., Ybarra, O., & Zhao, Y. F. (2013). Accentuating your masculine side:Agentic traits generally dominate self-evaluation, even in China.Social Psychology, 44(2), 103-108.
Bleske, A. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2001). Poaching, promiscuity, and deceit:Combatting mating rivalry in same-sex friendships. Personal Relationships, 8(4), 407-424.
Brand, R. J., Bonatsos, A., D'Orazio, R., & Deshong, H. (2012). What is beautiful is good, even online:Correlations between photo attractiveness and text attractiveness in men's online dating profiles. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), 166-170.
Brown, J. D., Dutton, K. A., & Cook, K. E. (2001). From the top down:Self-esteem and self-evaluation.Cognition & Emotion, 15(5), 615-631.
Buss, D. M., & Dedden, L. A. (1990). Derogation of competitors.Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 7(3), 3823-3830.
Buss, D. M., Shackelford, T. K., Choe, J., Buunk, B. P., & Dijkstra, P. (2000). Distress about mating rivals.Personal Relationships, 7(3), 235-243.
Deshpande, M., & Ramanamma, D. (2015). Self-esteem levels of slum young women and their talents and performance in extracurricular activities.International Journal of Physical Education, 8(1), 36-39.
Diehl, M., Owen, S. K., & Youngblade, L. M. (2004). Agency and communion attributes in adults' spontaneous self-representations.International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28(1), 1-15.
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 24(3), 285-290.
Dion, K. K., Pak, W. P., & Dion, K. L. (1990). Stereotyping physical attractiveness:A sociocultural perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21(3), 378-398.
Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but…:A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype.Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 109-128.
Feingold, A. (1992). Good-looking people are not what we think.Psychological Bulletin, 111(2), 304-341.
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content:Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878-902.
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition:Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77-83.
Gebauer, J. E., Wagner, J., Sedikides, C., & Neberich, W. (2013). Agency-communion and self-esteem relations are moderated by culture, religiosity, age, and sex:Evidence for the "self-centrality breeds self-enhancement" principle. Journal of Personality, 81(3), 261-275.
Graham, D., & Perry, R. P. (1976).Limitations in generalizability of the physical attractiveness stereotype:The self-esteem exception. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement, 8(3), 263-274.
Guan, L., Chen, Y., Xu, X., Qiao, L., Wei, J., Han, S., & Liu, Y. (2015). Self-esteem buffers the mortality salience effect on the implicit self-face processing.Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 77-85.
Jiang, K., Wu, S., Shi, Z., Liu, M., Peng, M., Shen, Y., & YANG, J. (2018). Activations of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus during agentic self-evaluation are negatively associated with trait self-esteem.Brain Research, 1692, 134-141.
Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review.Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 390-423.
Leary, M. R, & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem:Sociometer theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32,1-62.
Lowery, S. E., Kurpius, S. E. R., Befort, C., Blanks, E. H., Sollenberger, S., Nicpon, M. F., & Huser, L. (2005). Bodyimage, self-Esteem, and health-related behaviors among male and female first year college students. Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 612-623.
Lu, A., Hong, X., Yu, Y., Ling, H., Tian, H., Yu, Z., & Chang, L. (2015). Perceived physical appearance and life satisfaction:A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and life experience of deaf and hearing adolescents.Journal of Adolescence, 39, 1-9.
Maner, J. K., Miller, S. L., Rouby, D. A., & Gailliot, M. T. (2009). Intrasexual vigilance:The implicit cognition of romantic rivalry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 74-87.
Marlowe, C. M., Schneider, S. L., & Nelson, C. E. (1996). Gender and attractiveness biases in hiring decisions:Are more experienced managers less biased? Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 11-21.
Olivola, C. Y., & Todorov, A. (2017). The biasing effects of appearances go beyond physical attractiveness and mating motives. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, 33-34.
Putz, Á., Palotai, R., Csertö, I., & Bereczkei, T. (2016). Beauty stereotypes in social norm enforcement:The effect of attractiveness on third-party punishment and reward.Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 230-235.
Ramsey, J. L., & Langlois, J. H. (2002). Effects of the "beauty is good" stereotype on children's information processing. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 81(3), 320-340.
Rosenberg, M. (Ed.).(1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.
Ruffle, B. J., & Shtudiner, Z. (2015). Are good-looking people more employable?Management Science, 61(8), 1760-1776.
Shekhar, C., & Malhotra, P. (2013). Self-esteem, gender and academic achievement motivation for undergraduate students. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 4(7), 1427-1429.
Tafarodi, R. W., & Vu, C. (1997). Two-dimensional self-esteem and reactions to success and failure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(6), 626-635.
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour.European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149-178.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 33,94-109.
Tsukiura, T., & Cabeza, R. (2011). Shared brain activity for aesthetic and moral judgments:Implications for the Beauty-is-Good stereotype. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(1), 138-148.
Vandellen, M. R., Campbell, W. K., Hoyle, R. H., & Bradfield, E. K. (2011). Compensating, resisting, and breaking:A meta-analytic examination of reactions to self-esteem threat. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 15(1), 51-74.
Vermeir, I., & Van de Sompel, D. (2014). Assessing the what is beautiful is good stereotype and the influence of moderately attractive and less attractive advertising models on self-perception, ad attitudes, and purchase intentions of 8-13-year-old children. Journal of Consumer Policy, 37(2), 205-233.
Wojciszke, B., Baryla, W., Parzuchowski, M., Szymkow, A., & Abele, A. E. (2011). Self-esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information.European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(5), 617-627.
Wojciszke, B., & Sobiczewska, P. (2013). Memory and Self-Esteem:The Role of Agentic and Communal Content.Social Psychology, 44(2), 95-103.
Yang, J., Xu, X., Chen, Y., Shi, Z., & Han, S. (2016). Trait self-esteem and neural activities related to self-evaluation and social feedback. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 20274-20274.
韩梦霏, Oscar Ybarra, 毕重增. (2015). 社会认知基本维度中文形容词词库的建立. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 37(8), 144-148.
李爱梅, 凌文辁, 李连雨. (2009). 招聘面试中的内隐相貌刻板印象研究. 心理科学, 32(4), 970-973.
刘明妍, 吴师, 王妍, 张馨心, 杨娟. (2017). 自我威胁与防御:自尊的调节作用. 心理技术与应用, 5(1), 43-51.
彭茂莹, 姜珂, 沈洋, 赵小淋, 杨娟. (2018). 外貌/品质自我评价对自尊预测作用的性别差异. 应用心理学, 24(4), 238-247.
吴师, 任曦, 姜珂, 杜杰, 杨娟. (2017). 自我知觉视角和元知觉视角下能动性评价对自尊的预测作用. 心理科学, 40(6), 1456-1463.
杨紫嫣, 罗宇, 古若雷, 刘云芝, 蔡华俭. (2017). 自尊的认知神经机制. 心理科学进展, 25(5), 788-798.
张秋丽. (2016). 人们在面对替代性选择时的亲密关系维护机制(硕士学位论文). 西南大学, 重庆.
张向葵, 郭娟, 田录梅. (2005). 自尊能缓冲死亡焦虑吗?——自尊对死亡提醒条件下大学生死亡焦虑的影响. 心理科学, 28(3), 602-605.
张野, 张珊珊, 冯春莹, 张瑜. (2018). 社会排斥对小学生亲社会行为的影响:自尊的调节与中介效应. 潍坊工程职业学院学报, 31(1), 32-37.
张莹瑞, 佐斌. (2006). 社会认同理论及其发展. 心理科学进展, 14(3), 475-480.
佐斌, 代涛涛, 温芳芳, 索玉贤. (2015). 社会认知内容的 "大二" 模型. 心理科学, 38(4), 1019-1023.
[1] 王鑫强, 李金文, 卢红燕, 赖正伟, 李佳源. 择偶优劣势对师范大学生教师职业认同的影响:择偶价值感的中介及自尊的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 64-73.
[2] 路翠萍, 郑希付. 低自尊还是高“他尊”?高、低社交焦虑者的不同内隐自尊特性——来自EAST的证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 808-816.
[3] 沙晶莹, 张向葵, 刘千冬. 人以群分?学业动机比较对青少年同伴选择的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 683-690.
[4] 辛国刚, 张李斌, 常睿生, 张云运. 青少年早期受欺凌发展轨迹:抑郁、自尊和学业成就的预测作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.
[5] 高玲, 孟文慧, 刘介地, 杨继平, 王兴超. 父母低头行为与青少年网络欺负行为:自尊和基本共情的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(3): 439-448.
[6] 鲁明辉, 王融, 张丽敏. 父母心理弹性与自闭症谱系障碍儿童情绪行为问题的关系:一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(2): 247-254.
[7] 田玮宜, 徐健捷, 吕广林, 王轶楠. 父母自尊与青少年主观幸福感间的关系:亲子信任与青少年自尊的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(3): 331-338.
[8] 张小敏, 陈欣, 务凯, 赵国祥. 学校联结和学业能力对高中生自尊的影响:一个多层线性模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(3): 358-365.
[9] 姜永志, 白晓丽, 张璐, 赵思琦. 青少年线上积极自我呈现与幸福感的关系:线上积极反馈与自尊的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(1): 45-53.
[10] 袁言云, 王志航, 孙庆, 王东方, 尹霞云, 黎志华. 累积家庭风险与贫困儿童情绪问题的关系:有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(1): 100-108.
[11] 关文军, 胡梦娟, 刘晨. 自闭症儿童父母歧视知觉对群际关系的影响:一个有调节的中介作用模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(6): 854-863.
[12] 周宗奎, 曹敏, 田媛, 黄淳, 杨秀娟, 宋友志. 初中生亲子关系与抑郁:自尊和情绪弹性的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(6): 864-872.
[13] 施国春, 赵东妍, 范会勇. 2004至2016年中国大学生身体自尊的变迁:一项横断历史研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(5): 648-659.
[14] 王轶楠, 刘嘉. 让小我融入大我:适恰自尊的积极心理学意义[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(4): 568-575.
[15] 孔莲, 崔馨月, 田录梅. 微信使用强度与大学生自尊之间的关系:上行社会比较和好友亲密度的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(4): 576-583.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!