青少年早期受欺凌发展轨迹:抑郁、自尊和学业成就的预测作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.04.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 青少年早期是同伴关系深入发展的转折点,而遭受欺凌使这一时期的青少年面临严峻发展挑战。受欺凌发展轨迹具有群体异质性,明确受欺凌群体的不同发展轨迹,并进一步探明预测不同发展轨迹的风险和保护因素,对于帮助受欺凌者摆脱困境具有重要意义。本研究以中国中部某省会2560名初一学生为研究对象,采用问卷法测试了七年级第一学期末的抑郁、自尊和学业成就水平,并对受欺凌水平进行了2年4次追踪分析。结果表明:(1)青少年早期的受欺凌发展轨迹包括低-稳定组(75%)、低-上升组(8%)、高-下降组(12%)和高-稳定组(5%);(2) 抑郁水平高的个体最可能进入高-稳定组,次可能进入高-下降组和低-稳定组; (3) 低自尊个体最可能进入低-上升组,次可能进入低-稳定组; (4) 低学业成就个体最可能进入高-稳定组和高-下降组,次可能进入低-稳定组和低-上升组。研究结果证明了抑郁、低自尊和低学业成就是预测青少年受欺凌发展轨迹的重要风险因素,为发展级联的理论建构提供了实证依据。

关键词: 青少年早期, 受欺凌, 抑郁, 自尊, 学业成就

Abstract: The development trajectories of the bullying victims are highly group heterogeneous. It is of great significance to help bullying victims get out of the predicament by clarifying the different developmental trajectories of the victims, identifying the high-risk groups, and further exploring the risk and protective factors that predict different development trajectories. The sample was composed of 2560 adolescents junior high school students in Central China. Depression, self-esteem and academic achievement was assessed at the end of the first semester of grade seven and victimization was assessed at 4 different time points from seventh to eighth grade. The results showed that: (1) There were four types of early adolescent bullying victimization trajectories, namely low-stable victims (75%), low-increasing victims (8%), high-decreasing victims (12%), and high-stable victims (5%); (2) Individuals with a high level of depression are more likely to enter the high-stable victims, the second likely to enter the high-decreasing victims and the low-stable victims; (3) Individuals with low self-esteem are more likely to enter the low-increasing victims, the second likely to enter the low- stable victims; (4) Individuals with a low level of academic achievement are more likely to enter the high-stable victims and high-decreasing victims, the second likely to enter the low-stable victims and low-increasing victims. The research results not only prove that high depression, low self-esteem and low academic achievement are risk factors for the development of bullying victimization, but also provide an empirical basis for the theoretical construction of the developmental cascade.

Key words: early adolescence, bullying victimization, depression, self-esteem, academic achievement

中图分类号:

B844

辛国刚, 张李斌, 常睿生, 张云运. 青少年早期受欺凌发展轨迹:抑郁、自尊和学业成就的预测作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.

XIN Guogang, ZHANG Libin, CHANG Ruisheng, ZHANG Yunyun. Bullying Victimization Trajectories in Early Adolescence: The Predictive Role of Depression, Self-esteem and Academic Achievement[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.

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