儿童、青年与老年人在知觉和高阶元认知监控上的年龄差异

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.02.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 元认知是以监测和控制为核心的动态调节活动。本研究以9岁儿童、年轻人和老年人为研究对象,分别采用选点任务和词对学习任务,在知觉元认知和高阶元认知层次考察元认知监测和控制及其关系随年龄变化的特点。结果显示:(1)儿童的知觉元认知和高阶元认知监控能力大都低于年轻人;(2)老年人的知觉元认知能力与年轻人相似,但高阶元认知能力则低于年轻人;(3)老年人和年轻人一样能够在记忆监测中利用控制线索,而9岁儿童尚未表现出这种能力。本研究从发展的角度,支持了知觉元认知与高阶元认知能力具有领域特殊性的理论假设,并对监测和控制的关系发展进行了讨论。

关键词: 知觉元认知, 高阶元认知, 监测, 控制, 发展

Abstract: Metacognition is a dynamic regulatory activity centered on monitoring and control. The current study examined the characteristics of metacognitive monitoring and control and their relationship with age at two levels: perceptual metacognition and higher-order metacognition, using a point-choice task and a word pair learning task in 9-year-old children, young adults and older adults. The results were as follows: (1) Children’s perceptual and higher-order metacognitive abilities were mostly lower than those of young adults; (2) Older adults had similar perceptual metacognitive abilities to younger adults, but lower higher-order metacognitive abilities than younger adults; (3) Older adults were as capable as younger adults of using control cues in memory monitoring, whereas 9-year-olds had not yet shown this ability. The present study supports the theoretical hypothesis that perceptual metacognition and higher-order metacognition are domain-specific from a developmental perspective. Furthermore, the development of the relationship between monitoring and control is discussed.

Key words: perceptual metacognition, higher-order metacognition, monitoring, control, development

中图分类号:

B844

董肖肖, 刘岩, 胡亚欣. 儿童、青年与老年人在知觉和高阶元认知监控上的年龄差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(2): 153-160.

DONG Xiaoxiao, LIU Yan, HU Yaxin. Age Differences in Perceptual Metacognition and Higher-order Metacognition among Children, Youth and Older Adults[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 153-160.

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