主动性人格与大学生创业准备行为的关系:创业意向的中介效应与创业社会支持的调节作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2022.06.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于生态系统理论和有意创业行为的整合模型,本研究探讨了主动性人格与创业准备行为的关系,以及创业意向的中介效应和创业社会支持的调节作用。对1659名大学生进行问卷调查,结果表明:(1)主动性人格正向预测创业准备行为;(2)创业意向在主动性人格和创业准备行为的关系中起部分中介作用;(3)创业社会支持调节主动性人格通过创业意向预测创业准备行为的前半段,预示着高创业社会支持可能会增强主动性人格对创业意向的积极影响,进而促进创业准备行为。研究结果反映了个体特质与环境因素的交互作用,对如何科学有效地促进大学生的创业准备行为具有启示意义。

关键词: 主动性人格, 创业意向, 创业准备行为, 创业社会支持, 大学生

Abstract: Based on the perspective of ecological system theory and integrated model of intentional entrepreneurial action, the present study attempted to investigate a moderated mediation model. Specifically, the present study explored the association between proactive personality and entrepreneurial preparation behavior, as well as the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention and the moderating role of entrepreneurial social support. A total of 1659 college students ( M_age = 19.91, SD = 1.43, 307 males and 1352 females) were recruited from 21 provinces in China. College students completed online surveys, including proactive personality scale, individual entrepreneurial intent scale, entrepreneurial social support scale and entrepreneurial preparation behavior questionnaire. The results showed that proactive personality positively predicted college students’ entrepreneurial preparation behavior. Furthermore, the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial preparation behavior was mediated by entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, high proactive personality positively enhanced the level of entrepreneurial intention, which increased college students’ entrepreneurial preparation behavior. Besides, the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention was moderated by entrepreneurial social support. To be more specific, proactive personality positively predicted entrepreneurial intention, but the effect was stronger on those with high entrepreneurial social support than those with low entrepreneurial social support. These findings reflect the interaction between individual traits and environmental factors, which has implications for the improvement of college students’ entrepreneurial preparation behavior.

Key words: proactive personality, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial preparation behavior, entrepreneurial social support, college students

中图分类号:

B844

郑爽, 刘红瑞, 李静, 席雨, 姚梅林. 主动性人格与大学生创业准备行为的关系:创业意向的中介效应与创业社会支持的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(6): 813-821.

ZHENG Shuang, LIU Hongrui, LI Jing, XI Yu, YAO Meilin. Proactive Personality and College Students’ Entrepreneurial Preparation Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Intention and Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Social Support[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(6): 813-821.

参考文献

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2), 179-211.
Akter, A., Rana, S. M. S., & Ramli, A. J. (2020). Factors influencing social entrepreneurial behavior: Evidence from a developing nation. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36 (4), 581-599.
Al-Jubari, I. (2019). College students’ entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. SAGE Open, 9 (2), 1-15.
Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14 (2), 103-118.
Becherer, R. C., & Maurer, J. G. (1999). The proactive personality disposition and entrepreneurial behavior among small company presidents. Journal of Small Business Management, 37 (1), 28-36.
Bogatyreva, K., Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T. S., Osiyevskyy, O., & Shirokova, G. (2019). When do entrepreneurial intentions lead to actions? The role of national culture. Journal of Business Research, 96, 309-321.
Bozo, O., Tathan, E., & Yilmaz, T. (2014). Does perceived social support buffer the negative effects of type c personality on quality of life of breast cancer patients? Social Indicators Research, 119 (2), 791-801.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In T. Husen & T. N. Postleth-waite (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp.1643-1647). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., & Reynolds, P. D. (1996). Exploring start-up event sequences. Journal of Business Venturing, 11 (3), 151-166.
Ceobanu, M. C., & Mairean, C. (2015). The Relation between personality traits, social support and traumatic stress. Revista De Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 48, 17-31.
Cox K.C., Lortie J., & Castrogiovanni, G. (2018). An integrated model of intentional entrepreneurial action. In A. Tur Porcar, & D. Ribeiro Soriano (Eds.), Inside the mind of the entrepreneur (pp. 3-15). Springer Cham.
Delle, E., & Amadu, I. M. (2015). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention: Employment status and student level as moderators. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 3 (4), 1-13.
Edwards, J. R., & Lambert, L. S. (2007). Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis. Psychological Methods, 12 (1), 1-22.
Fuller, J. B., Marler, L. E., & Hester, K. (2006). Promoting felt responsibility for constructive change and proactive behavior: Exploring aspects of an elaborated model of work design. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27 (8), 1089-1120.
Greguras, G. J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2010). Why does proactive personality predict employee life satisfaction and work behaviors? A field investigation of the mediating role of the self-concordance model. Personnel Psychology, 63 (3), 539-560.
Holland, J. L. (1996). Exploring careers with a typology: What we have learned and some new directions. American Psychologist, 51 (4), 397-406.
Hu, R., Wang, L., Zhang, W., & Bin, P. (2018). Creativity, proactive personality, and entrepreneurial intention: The role of entrepreneurial alertness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00951
Katz, J. A. (1990). Longitudinal analyses of self-employment follow-through. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2 (1), 15-26.
Kautonen, T., van Gelderen, M., & Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39 (3), 655-674.
Kim, H. S., & Park, I. J. (2017). Influence of proactive personality on career self‐efficacy. Journal of Employment Counseling, 54 (4), 168-182.
Kim, T. Y., Hon, A. H. Y., & Crant, J. M. (2009). Proactive personality, employee creativity, and newcomer outcomes: A longitudinal study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24 (1), 93-103.
Krueger, N. F. (2007). What lies beneath? The experiential essence of entrepreneurial thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31 (1), 123-138.
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15 (5-6), 411-432.
Kumar, R., & Shukla, S. (2019). Creativity,proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions: Examining the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Global Business Review, Online. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919844395
Linan, F., & Chen, Y.-W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33 (3), 593-617.
Mamun, A. A., Nawi, N. B. C., Mohiuddin, M., Shamsudin, S. F. F. B., & Fazal, S. A. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention and startup preparation: A study among business students in Malaysia. Journal of Education for Business, 92 (6), 296-314.
Molino, M., Dolce, V., Cortese, C. G., & Ghislieri, C. (2018). Personality and social support as determinants of entrepreneurial intention. Gender differences in Italy. PLoS ONE, 13 (6), Article e0199924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199924
Moser, A., Stuck, A. E., Silliman, R. A., Ganz, P. A., & Clough-Gorr, K. M. (2012). The eight-item modified medical outcomes study social support survey: Psychometric evaluation showed excellent performance. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 65 (10), 1107-1116.
Mustafa, M. J., Hernandez, E., Mahon, C., & Chee, L. K. (2016). The influence of university support and proactive personality on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 8 (2), 162-179.
Neneh, B. N. (2019a). From entrepreneurial alertness to entrepreneurial behavior: The role of trait competitiveness and proactive personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 273-279.
Neneh, B. N. (2019b). From entrepreneurial intentions to behavior: The role of anticipated regret and proactive personality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 311-324.
Olokundun, M., Iyiola, O., Ibidunni, S., Ogbari, M., Falola, H., Salau, O., … Borishade, T. (2018). Data article on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship curriculum contents on entrepreneurial interest and knowledge of Nigerian university students. Data in Brief, 18, 60-65.
Prabhu, V. P., McGuire, S. J., Drost, E. A., & Kwong, K. K. (2012). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intent: Is entrepreneurial self-efficacy a mediator or moderator? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 18 (5), 559-586.
Runcan, P. L., & Iovu, M. B. (2013). Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in Romanian university students: The mediating role of self-esteem and social support. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 40, 137-148.
Sesen, H. (2013). Personality or environment? A comprehensive study on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. Education and Training, 55 (7), 624-640.
Siebert, J., & Kunz, R. (2016). Developing and validating the multidimensional proactive decision-making scale. European Journal of Operational Research, 249 (3), 864-87.
Siu, W. S., & Lo, E. S. C. (2013). Cultural contingency in the cognitive model of entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37 (2), 147-173.
Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33 (3), 669-694.
Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Lu, V. N., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Plewa, C. (2014). Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84 (1), 39-48.
van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career Development International, 13 (6), 538-559.
简丹丹, 段锦云, 朱月龙. (2010). 创业意向的构思测量、影响因素及理论模型. 心理科学进展, 18 (1), 162-169.
李海垒, 宫燕明, 张文新. (2013). 大学生的冒险性与创业意向的关系:感知的创业文化的调节作用. 心理发展与教育, 29 (2), 152-158.
李海垒, 张文新. (2015). 大学生的主动性与创业意向的关系:创业知识的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 31 (3), 10-16.
麦可思研究院. (2020). 2020年中国大学生就业报告. 北京:社会科学文献出版社.
温忠麟, 叶宝娟. (2014). 有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补. 心理学报, 46 (5), 714-726.
严毛新. (2011). 政府推动型创业教育:中国大学生创业教育的历程及成因.中国高教研究, 3, 45-48.
杨俊, 韩炜, 张玉利. (2014). 工作经验隶属性、市场化程度与创业行为速度.管理科学学报, 17 (8), 10-22.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12 (6), 942-94.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	刘颖, 刘儒德, 毛晨莹, 林静敏, 刘佳彬. 在线视频学习中教师反馈时间和反馈复杂性对大学生学习投入的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(3): 408-417.
[2]	万欢兰, 牛宇洁, 王博晨, 金灿灿. 大学生人生目标、自我控制和学业倦怠间的关系:一项纵向研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(3): 418-426.
[3]	张梅, 黄扬, 于嘉雯, 黄四林. 媒体多任务对大学生阅读绩效的影响：任务难度和类型的调节[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(2): 222-233.
[4]	赵笑梅, 赵昕睿, 王珂珂. 大学生图文信息知识整合的加工:来自ERP的证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 18-27.
[5]	丁越, 刘力嘉, 寇彧. 互联网时代的大学生人际关系满意度:线上积极反馈与感知社会支持的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 39-49.
[6]	王祯, 史保莹, 赵好莉, 郭云飞, 王恩国. 情感教学代理的情绪表达和角色对视频学习的影响:学习者经验的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 60-69.
[7]	魏军, 羿聪, 周溪亭. 大学生基于学业表现的自我价值感与学业内卷行为的关联:基于潜变量增长模型分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(5): 692-700.
[8]	焦姣, 牡丹, 史璐. 亲密关系满意度对大学生主观幸福感的影响:一项日记追踪研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(5): 720-729.
[9]	胡心怡, 陈英和. 大学生新目标投入能力、自我损耗与幸福感的关系:生命意义感的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(3): 348-356.
[10]	谢莉, 金辉, 王志英, 胡宇飞, 杨喜兰, 席娟. 脱贫内生动力对贫困大学生学习投入的影响:自我控制的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(3): 386-397.
[11]	赵笑梅, 程释, 刘子涵, 刘红. 不同语言条件和执行功能对大学生记忆整合的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(2): 153-162.
[12]	廖晨曦, 王大华. 大学生依恋对自尊和人际适应的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(2): 196-205.
[13]	郭滢, 陈晓丹, 刘文志, 刘雨彤, 朱皕. 青少年语义错误记忆发展:学习测验因素[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(1): 12-21.
[14]	相硕琪, 李亚丹, 叶超群, 杨伟星, 郭习佩, 张玲玲, 胡卫平. 创造焦虑与日常创造力的关系: 认知灵活性和创造性参与过程的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(1): 32-41.
[15]	史滋福, 周志豪, 许磊, 陈火红, 管锦亮, 刘承珍. 父母消极教养方式与大学生恶意创造性行为的关系:有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(6): 808-815.