小学3～6年级儿童数运算策略的获得及策略应用无效性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究采用实验室实验和心理测验的方法,选取小学3～6年级的120名儿童为被试,探讨了数运算过程中策略应用无效性是否存在以及儿童策略获得与发展的基本过程。结果发现:(1)在数运算的解题过程中存在策略应用无效性这一阶段;(2)儿童的认知成绩在策略学习前后基本上呈现为一种先下降后上升然后再下降的曲折模式,而不是简单的线性增长;(3)策略获得的过程包括策略探索、策略领会的初步运用和策略使用的退化三个阶段。

关键词: 策略, 策略应用无效性, 策略获得, 小学生

Abstract: This study explored the concept of utilization deficiency and the development progressing of strategies. One hundred and twenty primary school students of three to six grade participated in this study.The results showed that the phase of utilization deficiency did exist when children solved problems.After using a strategy,children's cognitive performance decreased firstly,and then,it ascended gradually.Finally,the performance dropped a little again.In generally,the process of strategy acquisition was not linear.The process of strategy acquisition included three stages.They are exploring use,comprehensive use and degeneration of strategy use.

Key words: strategy, strategy utilization deficiency, strategies acquisition, pupils

中图分类号:

B844.1

周少贤, 王福兴, 徐菲菲, 陈珺. 小学3～6年级儿童数运算策略的获得及策略应用无效性[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2010, 26(5): 465-472.

ZHOU Shao-xian, WANG Fu-xing, XU Fei-fei, CHEN Jun. Strategies’Utilization Deficiency of Three to Six Grade Students When Solving Multi-Subtraction Problem[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2010, 26(5): 465-472.

参考文献

[1] Ashcraft,M.H.(1990).Strategic processing in children's mental arithmetic:A review and proposal.In D.F.Bjorklund(Eds.),Children's strategies:Contemporary views of cognitive development.(pp.185-211).Hillsdale,NJ,England:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[2] Bjorklund,D.F.,Coyle,T.R.,&Gaultney,J.F.(1992).Developmental differences in the acquisition and maintenance of an organizational strategy:Evidence for the utilization deficiency hypothesis.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,54(3),434-448.
[3] Bjorklund,D.F.,&Harnishfeger,K.K.(1987).Developmental differences in the mental effort requirements for the use of an organizational strategy in free recall.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,44(1),109-125.
[4] Bjorklund,D.F.,&Harnishfeger,K.K.(1990).The resources construct in cognitive development:Diverse sources of evidence and a theory of inefficient inhibition.Developmental Review,10(1),48-71.
[5] Bjorklund,D.F.,Miller,P.H.,Coyle,T.R.,&Slawinski,J.L.(1997).Instructing Children to Use Memory Strategies:Evidence of Utilization Deficiencies in Memory Training Studies.Developmental Review,17(4),411-441.
[6] Bjorklund,D.F.,Schneider,W.,Cassel,W.S.,&Ashley,E.(1994).Training and extension of a memory strategy:Evidence for utilization deficiencies in the acquisition of an organizational strategy in high-and low-IQ children.Child development,65(3),951-965.
[7] Bjorklund,D.F.,&Zeman,B.R.(1982).Children's organization and metamemory awareness in their recall of familiar information.Child development,53(3),799-810.
[8] Coyle,T.R.,&Bjorklund,D.F.(1996).The development of strategic memory:A modified microgenetic assessment of utilization deficiencies.Cognitive Development,11(2),295-314.
[9] Coyle,T.R.,&Bjorklund,D.F.(1997).Age differences in,and consequences of,multiple-and variable-strategy use on a multitrial sortrecall task.Developmental Psychology,33(2),372-380.
[10] Flavell J.H.,Miller P.H.,&Miller S.A.(1993).Cognitive development(3rd ed.).Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall.
[11] Gaultney,J.F.,Kipp,K.,&Kirk,G.(2005).Utilization deficiency and working memory capacity in adult memory performance:not just for children anymore.Cognitive Development,20(2),205-213.
[12] Kron-Sperl,V.,Schneider,W.,&Hasselhorn,M.(2008).The development and effectiveness of memory strategies in kindergarten and elementary school:Findings from the Wüzburg and Gtingen Longitudinal Memory Studies.Cognitive Development,23(1),79-104.
[13] Miller,P.H.(1990).The development of strategies of selective attention.In D.F.Bjorklund(Eds.),Children's strategies:Contemporary views of cognitive development.(pp.157-184).Hillsdale,NJ,England:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[14] Miller,P.H.(1994).Individual differences in children's strategic behaviors:Utilization deficiencies.Learning and Individual Differences,6(3),285-307.
[15] Miller,P.H.,&Aloise-young,P.A.(1995).Preschoolers'Strategic Behavior and Performance on a Same-Different Task.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,60(2),284-303.
[16] Miller,P.H.,&Seier,W.L.(1994).Strategy utilization deficiencies in children:When,where,and why.Advances in child development and behavior,25,107-156.
[17] Miller,P.H.,Seier,W.L.,Barron,K.L.,&Probert,J.S. (1994).What causes a memory strategy utilization deficiency?Cognitive Development,9(1),77-101.
[18] Pressley,M.,&Harris,K.R.(2006).Cognitive strategies instruction:From basic research to classroom instruction.Handbook of educational psychology,2,265-286.
[19] Schlagmüler,M.,&Schneider,W.(2002).The development of organizational strategies in children:Evidence from a microgenetic longitudinal study.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,81(3),298-319.
[20] Schneider,W.,Kron,V.,Hünerkopf,M.,&Krajewski,K.(2004).The development of young children's memory strategies:First findings from the Wüzburg Longitudinal Memory Study.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,88(2),193-209.
[21] Schwenck,C.,Bjorklund,D.F.,&Schneider,W.(2007).Factors Influencing the Incidence of Utilization Deficiencies and Other Patterns of Recall/Strategy-Use Relations in a Strategic Memory Task.Child development,78(6),1771-1787.
[22] Shrager,J.,&Siegler,R.S.(1998).SCADS:A model of children's strategy choices and strategy discoveries.Psychological Science,9(5),405-410.
[23] Siegler,R.S.,&Crowley,K.(1991).The microgenetic method:A direct means for studying cognitive development.American Psychologist,46,606-620.
[24] Steiner,H.H.(2006).A microgenetic analysis of strategic variability in gifted and average-ability children.Gifted Child Quarterly,50(1),62-74.
[25] Waters,H.S.(2000).Memory Strategy Development:Do We Need Yet Another Deficiency?Child development,71(4),1004-1012.
[26] Welch-Ross,M.K.,&Miller,P.H.(2000).Relations Between Children's Theory of Mind and a Selective Attention Strategy.Journal of Cognition&Development,1(3),281-303.
[27] 陈英和,赵延芹,仲宁宁.(2004).关于小学儿童算术策略的理论及研究.心理科学,27(6),1422-1425.

相关文章 15

[1]	彭越, 张和颐, 陈英和, 雷秀雅, 戚玥, 于晓, 乔学文, 刘沫漩, 颜露懿. 类比推理策略与工作记忆、抑制控制关系的年龄差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 761-771.
[2]	丁芳媛, 杨义滢, 王阳茜, 贾云丞, 程刚. 家庭社会经济地位与大学新生短期择偶态度:基于潜变量增长建模的分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 663-672.
[3]	张鹏程, 李喜, 韩午阳, 沈永江. 睡眠不足对中小学生负性情绪的影响:一个链式中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(3): 402-409.
[4]	李继娜, 王玮玮, 张维军, 屈智勇. 累积创伤对儿童复杂性创伤后应激障碍的影响：经验回避与消极认知情绪调节策略的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(5): 683-691.
[5]	汪玥, 张豹, 周晖. 中小学生正念注意觉知与心理健康：情绪调节和积极重评的跨时间中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(5): 692-702.
[6]	沈怡佳, 张国华, 何健康, 罗丽兰, 韩锦涛, 江波. 父母学习陪伴与小学生学业不良的关系:亲子学业沟通的中介作用和学习负担的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(6): 826-833.
[7]	于晓, 张涵, 陈英和, 戚玥, 刘爱芳, 刘丽丽. 类比推理的眼动研究:揭示个体类比推理策略发展的有效手段[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(6): 897-903.
[8]	林文毅, 杨怡, 余圣陶. 知识验证信念对于多文本阅读理解的影响机制:阅读策略的中介效应和主题知识的调节效应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(6): 708-714.
[9]	高雯, 朱进慧, 方臻. 父亲参与教养对小学生攻击行为的影响:母亲育儿压力的部分中介效应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(1): 84-93.
[10]	刘伟方, 张佳佳, 胡冬梅, 张明亮, 司继伟. 元认知监测与算术知识制约小学儿童心算策略运用能力的发展:一年纵向考察[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(4): 439-446.
[11]	郭筱琳, 何苏日那, 秦欢, 刘春晖, 罗良. 亲子间教育期望差异对小学生情感幸福感的影响:学业成绩和学业自我效能感的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(4): 467-477.
[12]	牛玉柏, 郝泽生, 王任振, 洪芳. 老年人乐观、领悟社会支持与主观幸福感的关系—控制策略的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(2): 227-235.
[13]	刘涵隆, 赵婧. 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童视觉注意广度的发展及其对阅读流畅性的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(5): 533-540.
[14]	洪伟, 刘儒德, 甄瑞, 蒋舒阳, 金芳凯. 成就目标定向与小学生数学学习投入的关系:学业拖延和数学焦虑的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(2): 191-199.
[15]	回懿, 周雪莲, 李宜逊, 德秀齐, 李虹, 刘翔平. 小学低年级汉语儿童语言能力的发展轨迹:认知能力的预测作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(1): 73-79.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed