从善念到善行:4~7岁儿童社会善念与亲社会行为的发展关联

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.04.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究考察4~7岁儿童社会善念的发展特征及其与亲社会行为的关系,探讨决策情境对社会善念表达的影响。通过两个相互关联的实验对比儿童在双人互动情境与作为基线的单人选择情境下的行为表现,考察其社会善念及其与助人、分享等亲社会行为的关系。结果发现:(1)儿童的社会善念呈现非线性发展轨迹,6岁左右是重要发展期,6~7岁儿童比4~5岁儿童表现出更高的社会善念水平;(2)与仅反映个体偏好的单人基线情境相比,儿童在双人互动情境中表现出更高的社会善念水平,证实了社会情境对社会善念的激活作用;(3)为期一年的追踪研究发现社会善念与亲社会行为之间存在显著的双向预测关系,且社会善念对亲社会行为的预测作用强于反向预测作用。研究结果揭示了社会善念发展的年龄特征及其与亲社会行为的关系,为理解儿童早期社会认知发展机制提供了重要启示。

关键词: 4~7岁儿童, 社会善念, 决策情境, 亲社会行为

Abstract: This study investigated the developmental characteristics of social mindfulness in 4- to 7-year-old children, its relationship with prosocial behavior, and the influence of decision-making contexts on its expression. Through two interconnected experiments, we compared children’s performance in a dyadic interaction context versus an individual choice baseline context to examine their social mindfulness and its relationship with prosocial behaviors such as helping and sharing. The results revealed that: (1) Children’s social mindfulness followed a non-linear developmental trajectory, with age 6 emerging as a key developmental period; 6- to 7-year-olds demonstrated significantly higher levels of social mindfulness than their 4- to 5-year-old counterparts; (2) Compared to the baseline context reflecting only individual preferences, children exhibited higher levels of social mindfulness in the dyadic interaction context, confirming the activating effect of social situations; (3) A one-year longitudinal study found a significant bidirectional predictive relationship between social mindfulness and prosocial behavior, with the predictive effect of social mindfulness on prosocial behavior being stronger than the reverse effect. These findings elucidate the age-related characteristics of social mindfulness development and its dynamic relationship with prosocial behavior, offering important insights into the mechanisms of early social-cognitive development.

Key words: children aged 4~7 years, social mindfulness, decision-making contexts, prosocial behavior

中图分类号:

B844

王堃炎, 黄英航, 邓珏, 王璇, 张向葵. 从善念到善行:4~7岁儿童社会善念与亲社会行为的发展关联[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 457-466.

WANG Kunyan, HUANG Yinghang, DENG Jue, WANG Xuan, ZHANG Xiangkui. From Social Mindfulness to Prosocial Behavior: The Developmental Association in Children Aged 4 to 7[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(4): 457-466.

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