实物操作促进儿童几何概念学习的神经基础:一项fNIRS研究

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.04.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 实物操作有益于低龄儿童的学习。但对于具备抽象思维能力的儿童,实物操作促进还是阻碍学习,研究者观点并不一致,且实物操作发生作用的神经基础也有待明确。采用fNIRS技术,以几何概念“三视图”和“简单几何体”为学习内容,探讨高、低数学学业水平儿童在有、无实物操作时的学习结果和脑激活模式。结果发现:(1)实物操作可以促进儿童学习几何概念,相对于观察学习组,操作学习组的正确率显著更高,反应速度显著更快;(2)在几何概念编码阶段,实物操作引起体感联合皮层的激活,并伴有背外侧前额叶皮层的显著抑制,此效应在低数学学业水平者中更为突出;(3)在提取阶段,实物操作组的体感联合皮层再次激活,其激活水平正向预测正确率。结果表明:对于具备抽象思维能力的儿童,实物操作能够引起体感联合皮层激活,进而促进几何概念学习。实物操作具有增效减负的作用,有益于低数学学业水平儿童学习几何概念。

关键词: 儿童, 实物操作, 概念学习, fNIRS, 体感联合皮层, 背外侧前额叶皮层

Abstract: Physical manipulation is beneficial for young children's learning. However, for children with abstract thinking, researchers hold different opinions on whether physical manipulation promotes or hinders learning. The neural basis for the effect of physical manipulation has yet to be clarified. The learning-test paradigm and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique were used to compare the learning results and brain activation patterns between the physical manipulation group and the observational learning group. The results showed that: (1) Physical manipulation promoted children's learning of geometric concept. Children in the physical manipulation group extracted concepts faster and more accurate than those in the observational learning group; (2) In the stage of geometric concept encoding, physical manipulation caused the activation of the somatosensory association cortex, accompanied by a significant inhibition of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which was more prominent in those with low academic level; (3) In the retrieval stage, the somatosensory association cortex was reactivated, and its activation level positively predicted the accuracy. These results suggested that physical manipulation activated the somatosensory cortex, thereby promoting geometric concept learning for children with abstract thinking. Physical manipulation promotes understanding of geometric concepts and alleviate cognitive load, which is more beneficial for children with lower mathematical academic level.

Key words: children, physical manipulation, concept learning, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, somatosensory association cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

中图分类号:

G442

施利承, 冷英, 谭顶良. 实物操作促进儿童几何概念学习的神经基础:一项fNIRS研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(4): 500-509.

SHI Licheng, LENG Ying, TAN Dingliang. The Neural Basis of Physical Manipulation Promoting Children’s Learning of Geometric Concept: An fNIRS Study[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(4): 500-509.

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