午后小睡对认知功能影响的元分析

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.02.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过遵循PRISMA-Protocol,对42项研究(总样本量为1751)运用元分析技术,以不同认知功能的任务指标为变量来探究午后小睡对认知功能的作用效果及调节因素。结果发现:与控制条件相比,午后小睡对认知功能的作用效果达到中等的正向效应量(g=0.59,k=130,p < 0.001)。亚组分析结果表明,午后小睡的作用效果存在认知领域的特异性和年龄的差异性:午后小睡可以显著提高个体的执行功能、陈述性记忆和程序性记忆的表现,但不影响注意功能;相比于青年群体,午后小睡对未成年和中老年群体认知功能的助益效果更加明显。午后小睡时长、是否有午后小睡习惯、实验日前晚是否存在睡眠限制以及任务后测时间点等因素对午后小睡的效果无显著调节作用。

关键词: 午后小睡, 认知功能, 作用效果, 调节因素

Abstract: In accordance with the PRISMA-Protocol, a meta-analysis of 42 studies (total sample size = 1751) was conducted to examine the effects of an afternoon nap on cognitive function and its moderator variables with task performance. Results showed that compared with the control condition, an afternoon nap had a moderate positive effect size on cognitive function (g = 0.59, k = 130, p < 0.001). Results of the subgroup analyses showed that the cognitive domain and age were significant moderators. An afternoon nap could improve executive function, declarative memory, and procedural memory, but not attention function; compared with the youth, the minor and the old could get more benefits from napping. Besides, other moderators (i.e., nap duration, experience with napping, sleep restriction the night before, and the time point of re-testing tasks after napping) had no incpact on the effects of napping.

Key words: afternoon nap, cognitive function, effect, moderator variable

中图分类号:

B844

钱柳, 汝涛涛, 陈玉萍, 张辰泽, 周国富. 午后小睡对认知功能影响的元分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(2): 173-184.

QIAN Liu, RU Taotao, CHEN Yuping, ZHANG Chenze, ZHOU Guofu. A Meta-analysis of the Effects of an Afternoon Nap on Cognitive Function[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(2): 173-184.

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