初中生宽恕的发展趋势与异质轨迹:大五人格的预测作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.04.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 宽恕是中华民族的传统美德,探究初中生的宽恕发展及其影响机制具有重要的理论与实践意义。基于宽恕发展阶段理论和特质激活理论,对385名初一学生(男生199名,女生186名)展开了历时2年3次的纵向追踪,采用潜变量增长模型和潜类别增长模型,考察初中生宽恕的发展趋势、异质轨迹及大五人格的预测作用。结果表明:(1)初中生宽恕发展轨迹可分为三类,分别是高宽恕-稳定组(28.31%)、低宽恕-稳定组(13.77%)和中宽恕-下降组(57.92%);(2)神经质、宜人性、开放性显著预测宽恕发展轨迹,尽责性和外向性的预测作用则不显著。研究结果不仅拓展了宽恕发展阶段理论和特质激活理论,也为根据人格特质实施个性化的宽恕教育提供了实践指导。

关键词: 宽恕, 初中生, 发展趋势, 发展轨迹, 大五人格

Abstract: Forgiveness is a traditional virtue in Chinese culture, and understanding its developmental characteristics and underlying mechanisms during adolescence holds significant theoretical and practical implications. Drawing on the developmental model of forgiveness and trait activation theory, the present study employed a three-wave longitudinal design to track 385 seventh-grade students (199 boys, 186 girls) over two years. Latent growth modeling and latent class growth analysis were employed to examine overall developmental trends, identify distinct trajectory profiles, and explore the predictive role of the Big Five personality traits. The results revealed that: (1) Three heterogeneous trajectory classes of forgiveness development were identified, including High-Stable Forgiveness (28.31%), Low-Stable Forgiveness (13.77%), and Moderate-Declining Forgiveness (57.92%); (2) Neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness significantly predicted trajectory membership, whereas conscientiousness and extraversion did not. The findings contribute to the forgiveness development model and extend trait activation theory, and provide practical implications for designing individualized forgiveness education tailored to personality traits.

Key words: forgiveness, junior high school students, developmental trend, developmental trajectories, Big Five personality

中图分类号:

B844

李书琴, 向燕辉. 初中生宽恕的发展趋势与异质轨迹:大五人格的预测作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 502-511.

LI Shuqin, XIANG Yanhui. Developmental Trends and Heterogeneous Trajectories of Forgiveness among Junior High School Students: The Predictive Role of Big Five Personality Traits[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(4): 502-511.

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