5～7岁自闭症谱系障碍幼儿数感的特点

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.06.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用《幼儿数感测评量表》对26名自闭症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorders，ASD）幼儿、20名智力障碍幼儿及32名正常幼儿进行数感能力测评，并比较三组幼儿的数感特点。结果发现：（1）ASD幼儿的数感整体和各维度水平均显著低于正常幼儿，但与智力障碍幼儿相当；（2）三组幼儿数感各维度水平在5～7岁之间无明显变化；（3）三组幼儿在数量比较、数量估算和大小比较的能力水平均领先于其他维度，而类比推理和大小推理均相对落后。另外，ASD幼儿和智力障碍幼儿的体积比较与大小推理、类比推理的能力较为接近，而正常幼儿的体积比较能力显著优于大小推理和类比推理。研究表明5～7岁ASD幼儿的数感能力整体落后于同龄正常幼儿，且数感各维度的能力发展不均衡、不同步。本研究揭示了5～7岁ASD幼儿数感能力发展的特点及需求，可为制定相应数感干预方案、促进其数学学习提供参考。

关键词: 自闭症谱系障碍, 数感, 数感测评, 幼儿

Abstract: The present study aimed to examine the ability of number sense in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 26 ASD children, 20 children with intellectual disability (ID), and 32 typical development (TD) children were measured with the Number Sense Test for Young Children. Results showed that:(1) the overall and dimensional development levels of ASD children's number sense were significantly lower than those of TD children, while were similar to those of ID children; (2) there was no significant difference in terms of each dimension of number sense in the three groups between 5~6 years and 6~7 years; (3) the development of quantity comparison, quantity estimation and size comparison in the three groups of children were at the leading level, while the development of analogical reasoning and size reasoning was relatively backward. In addition, the development of number sense in both ASD children and ID children was more synchronous in three dimensions (i.e., volume comparison, size reasoning, and analogical reasoning), while the development of volume comparison in TD children was significantly better than that of size comparison and analogical reasoning. These results suggested that the level of number sense in ASD children aged 5~7 years lagged behind that in TD children, and the development of number sense in each dimension was unbalanced and unsynchronized. This study revealed the developmental characteristics and needs of ASD children's number sense, which can provide reference for formulating intervention programs to improve ASD children's number sense ability and promote their math learning.

Key words: autism spectrum disorders, number sense, number sense assessment, preschool children

中图分类号:

G442

王薇, 贡德英, 程春, 陈科, 李永鑫, 闫晶晶. 5～7岁自闭症谱系障碍幼儿数感的特点[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(6): 818-825.

WANG Wei, GONG Deying, CHENG Chun, CHEN Ke, LI Yongxin, YAN Jingjing. The Characteristics of Number Sense in 5~7 Years Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(6): 818-825.

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