5~6岁幼儿对不同文化背景卡通面孔再认的眼动研究

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.03.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用不同文化背景卡通面孔为刺激材料，探究中国幼儿对中国风、日本风与欧美风女性卡通面孔再认的差异及其眼动机制。结果显示：（1）卡通面孔再认正确率差异显著，日本风面孔具有记忆优势；女童对三种面孔再认正确率均显著高于男童；（2）卡通面孔特质中的夸张性对卡通面孔再认正确率的预测显著；（3）文化背景与性别因素显著影响平均注视时间、注视点个数、眼跳次数和幅度及瞳孔大小等总体眼动指标；（4）兴趣区数据显示：对日本风面孔的总注视时间和注视点个数最高；卡通面孔再认主要依赖于眼部、其次为鼻子；文化背景与兴趣区存在交互作用，在注视时间、注视点个数与首注视点指标上，提示幼儿更关注日本风的眼睛区域与欧美风的鼻子区域。综上，幼儿对不同文化背景卡通面孔的记忆和眼动加工存在差异，日本风卡通面孔的记忆优势可能基于其夸张性高的面孔特质，尤其在眼睛部位；行为学与眼动指标均提示女童对卡通面孔的再认具有优势。

关键词: 幼儿, 面孔再认, 面孔记忆, 卡通面孔, 眼动

Abstract: Cartoon faces in different cultural backgrounds were used to explore the recognition difference and its eye movement mechanism when Chinese children were memorizing Chinese, Japanese and European-American style female cartoon faces. The results showed that:(1) the accuracy among different cartoon faces was significantly different, Japanese style faces had an advantage in memorizing. Girls' face recognition accuracy in three styles was significantly higher than boys; (2) the exaggeration of facial features of cartoon faces could significantly predicate the recognition accuracy; (3) cultural background and gender factors significantly affected overall eye movement indicators, such as the average fixation time, fixation counts, saccades counts, saccades amplitude, and pupil size; (4) interest area data showed that the total fixation time and fixation counts for Japanese style faces were the highest; the eyes were the most concerned in cartoon recognition, followed by the nose; There was an interaction between cultural background and interest area in fixation time, fixation counts and first fixation area, which indicates that children focus more on the eyes of Japanese style and the nose of European-American style. In conclusion, there are differences in children's memory and eye movement processing of cartoon faces from different cultural backgrounds. The memory advantage of Japanese style faces may be due to its exaggeration of facial features, especially for the eye areas. Girls show more advantages in recognizing cartoon faces both in behavioral and eye movement indicators.

Key words: children, face recognition, face memory, cartoon face, eye movement

中图分类号:

B844

施芳婷, 郑晨烨, 颜秀琳, 陆露, 王静梅, 邸波, 卢英俊. 5~6岁幼儿对不同文化背景卡通面孔再认的眼动研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(3): 323-334.

SHI Fangting, ZHENG Chenye, YAN Xiulin, LU Lu, WANG Jingmei, DI Bo, LU Yingjun. An Eye-movement Research on 5~6-year-old Children's Recognition of Cartoon Faces in Different Culture Backgrounds[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(3): 323-334.

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