Table of Content

15 April 2004, Volume 20 Issue 2

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Study of the Creative Features in Students with Reading Problems

ZHANG Xiang-kui, SUN Tian-wei, JIAO Run-kai

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  1-6. 

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This study used 76 students as subject to investigate the features of creativity in the Reading Disabled Students and objectivity of the teachers'assessments on creativity by means of questionnaires.The result indicated that (1) There were no significant differences on general creativity between the Reading Disabled and the normal students,but the Reading Disabled students better than the normal students on the dimensions of originality and abstraction.(2) For the Reading Disabled students,there were significant differences on fluency,meticulousness and general creativity between boys and girls,and there were significant differences on general creativity between the two grades used.Also it was found that there were significant interactions between gender and grade.(3) Different teachers'assessments for the normal students were remarkably significant than the assessments for the Reading Disabled Students.There were negative correlations between the general creativity and the assessments of different teachers',but teachers'assessments on the creativity were objective for the normal students.

Research on The Literacy Cognitive Deficit of Developmental Dyslexia Children

LIU Xiang-ping, HOU Dian-mu, YANG Shuang, DU Wen-chong

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  7-11. 

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According to a multiple assessment,30 dyslexic and normal children from 3 grade served as subjects in this research,all of them came from 760 children of 3 grade.This research investigate the different visual and auditory cognitive process between normal and abnormal children,comparing their memory ability,visional discrimination,long term memory in character form and phonological short term memory in Chinese character.The results indicated that development dyslexia's key deficit is about phonological cognition; they incline to use the visual processing to make up for the phonological deficit.

The Study on the Age Characters, Development Trend and Sex Differences of Preschoolers’ Emotion Competence

YAO Duan-wei, CHEN Ying-he, ZHAO Yan-qin

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  12-16. 

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150 children aged 3-5 years participated in the research.An interview was conducted to investigate the age characters,developmental trend and sex differences.The Results indicated:(1) There was a significant change of emotion understanding between three-four year old.Children's understanding of positive emotion was superior to understanding of negative emotion.Girls performed better than boys on affective perspective-taking task.(2) The mostly used emotion regulation strategy was instructive strategy,next was the avoiding strategy and emotion venting strategy,the last one was the destroyed strategy.(3) The ability of affective perspective-taking predicted the development of emotion regulation.

Behavioral Representations of 7-Year-Old Children in Helping Situations and its Relationship with Parenting Styles

NIU Zhou, CHEN Hui-chang, WANG Li, ZHANG Hong-xue

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  17-21. 

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Behavioral representations of 119 7-year-old children (42boys,77girls) in 3 helping situations (looking for the key; help experimenter carry table; comfort experimenter for injured feet) were observed.And its relations to parenting styles were also examined.Results indicate that helping behaviors of 7-year-old children in 3 situations have not significant sex differences.Playing behaviors of boys in the 2^nd and 3^rd situation were significantly more than those of girls,while,watching behaviors were less than those of girls.The relationship between behavioral repre-sentations of children and same-sex parent's rearing practices was stronger than its relationship with the opposite-sex parent's rearing practices.

A Study on the Development of Thinking Styles among High School Students

LI Hong-yu, JIANG De-hong, HU Zhong-hua

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  22-28. 

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We integrated the psychological-testing method and cross-section method into this study.In order to explore the developmental characteristics of 13 kinds of thinking styles (such as Legislative Style,Executive Style and Judicial Style) among high-school students,we administrated the Sternberg-Wagner thinking style scale to 826 high-school students.The findings are as follows:(1) in the process of problem-solving,the junior high-school students's levels of Executive,Judicial,Hierarchic,Oligarchic,External and Liberal styles are dramatically higher than those of senior high school students; but the junior high-school student's levels of Global style is dramatically lower than those of senior high school students.(2) the male student's levels of Internal style is dramatically higher than those of female's,but the male student's levels of Hierarchic and Oligarchic styles are dramatically lower than those of female's.

Relationship of time Perspective, Coping Styles, and Internet use of Adolescents

LI Hong-li, LEI Li

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  29-33. 

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This study explored the relationship of time perspective,coping styles and internet use of adolescents,by surveying a sample of 589 aged from 14 to 17 (M=15.07,SD=1.37) through questionnaires.The results showed that pathological internet use (PIU) of adolescents could be predicted by time perspective and their coping styles.Also,the study found that PIU was a new kind of mental problem similar to substance abuse,but different time orientation individual from time perspective may not be immune from PIU at all.But there could be more probability for Present orientation individual to involve PIU than Future orientation individual.The findings also indicated that the increase of problem solving,or the reducation of fantasy and abreaction in coping styles'use can render adolescent benefit from the Internet use.

Influence of Emotion on Reasoning to Different Intelligence Students

LIAO Sheng-li, TAO De-qing

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  34-39. 

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Three experiment of this research article verify the influence of emotion on reasoning to different intelligence students whose age is 13.The results show some important conclusion:1.In the simple and middle difficult reasoning task,the happiness and sadness on both the upper rate intelligence and middle rate intelligence subjects much more obvious influence than that on middle-low rate intelligence subjects.In higher difficult reasoning task,upper rate intelligence subjects were disturbed at the most.2.Upper rate intelligence subjects the interaction between intensity emotion and efficiency of reasoning is in accord with Yerkes-Doson law,middle rate intelligence and middle-low rate intelligence subjects is not the in accord with it.

A Comparative Study on Liability Judgment between Training Students and General Students

LI An

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  40-45. 

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40 training students and general students have been tested by Implicit Association Test to study their different liability judgment.The results indicate:the respond time of training students in recognizing aggressive words and relevant phrases about "liability lies on others" is shorter than that of general students; training students respond quicker on phrases about "liability lies on others" than on those phrases about "liability lies on myself",while the situation is the opposite when it comes to general stuents;training students'combined respond time on "liability lies on others-attack,liability lies on myself-not attack" is shorter than that of general students.Such differences on respond time reflect that there exists implicit association on aggressive attribution and aggressive belief in training students.

The Relationship Between Undergraduates’ riend Selection Standards and Friend Ship Relationship

FAN Xing-hua, FANG Xiao-yi, LIN Dan-hua

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  46-50. 

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297 undergraduates from two universities in Hunan province were selected to investigate factors related to friend selection,and then 1166 undergraduates from one university in Hunan province were selected to investigate the relationship between friend selection standards and friendship relationship.The results showed:(1) There were three kinds of friend selection standard:perfectionist,mid-level standard and low-level standards; (2) Gender,major and grade's main effects on friend selection standard were significant; (3) Friend selection standards had significant effects on numbers of friend and friendship relationship.

The Correlative Study on Self-identity Status and Personality Characteristic of College Student

GUO Jin-shan, CHEN Wen-bo

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  51-55. 

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The article discusses the relation between self-identity status and personality.By correlative analysis,the different self-identity statuses are associated with different personality characteristics.There are some differences in each personality dimension for the four self-identity statuses,which different self-identity statuses present different personality characteristics,especially for advanced and lower self-identity status,the difference of personality characteristics is more large.The study further indicates self-identity formation become central theme of the college student development and marks the improvement in personality of college student.

Relationships Between Professional Stress, Teaching Efficacy and Burnout Among Primary and Secondary School Teachers

LIU Xiao-ming

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  56-61. 

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The relationships between professional stress,teaching efficacy and burnout among the school teachers were investigated by canonical correlation analysis.The results showed that:(1) professional stress would cause emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among the teachers concerned; (2) the lower teaching efficacy was,the more serious the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was; (3) the teaching efficacy had adjustment function between the professional stress and the burnout,higher teaching efficacy could change the effect of the professional stress,and decrease the emotional exhaustion and the depersonalization level.

Experimental Study on Metacognition Training to Improve Ability of Middle School Student Solving Mathematical Application Problem

TONG Shi-bin, ZHANG Qin-lin

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  62-68. 

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Self-made teaching materials about thinking strategic training and metacognitive controlling booklets were adopted to train the second grade junior middle school student on the thinking strategies and metacognitive controlling in solving mathematical application problem.The results showed that the thinking strategies and metacognitive controlling training could improve the students'ability in solving specific subject problem.

Using multiple methods to measure children’s aggressive behavior

WANG Yi-wen, LIN Chong-de, ZHANG Wen-xin

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  69-74. 

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Effective and accurate assessment of children's aggression determines directly level and quality of the research in the area.Therefore,the study and evaluation of methods for assessing children's aggression constitutes one of the most fundamental tasks for the research in this area.In the present study,a panel of measures including natural observation,mother assessment,teacher assessment and peer nomination were employed in a sample of 177 3-4 years old children from three urban kindergartens.The reliabilities and validities of each method were evaluated for each measure with the traditional statistics and structural equation model (SEM).The main findings of the present study were as follows:1.Natural observation,mother assessment,teacher assess and peer nomination each had comparatively high reliability and criterion validity.But they have respective strongpoint and shortcoming,used to different research objects.2.The theoretical multiple-method model using four measures was very well fitted to the data.Using multiple methods can give more accurate and effective assessment of children's aggressive behaviors.

Assessing Psychological Well-being: Comparison between Self-esteem Scale and PAS & NAS

LI Hong

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(2):  75-79. 

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The purpose of the study was to compare the psychometric properties between two popular measures for psychological well-being:Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and Bradburn's Positive Affect Scale (PAS) and Negative Affect Scale (NAS).The sample consisted of 1142 college students from first year to third year at three universities in Beijing.The study consisted of two different studies.Study one included 354 participants,and study two included 788 participants.Results of both studies indicated that the psychometric properties of Self-esteem Scale were better than those of PAS &NAS.Thus,the study suggested that Self-esteem Scale as a measure for psychological well-being was more appropriate than PAS & NAS.