Table of Content

15 July 2004, Volume 20 Issue 3

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Children’s Capacity of IOR in Simultaneous Cueing Processes

YI Lin-lin, SU Yan-jie, WANG Su

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  1-5. 

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Inhibition of return(IOR)refers to a stable psychological phenomenon with delayed responses to the targets presented in the recently cued locations.By ignoring the previously attended locations or objects,human beings are able to pay more attention to novel stimuli,which enables limited attention resource to be used effectively.With such a biological meaning,it is reasonable to expect IOR appear at multiple cued locations.In the current research, IOR following simultaneous presentation of several location cues are studies in 8-year-old and 10-year-old children in both detection and discrimination tasks.These data suggest that in detection task both the children at the age of 8 and 10 show IOR at up to 5 cued locations,while the younger group do not perform as stably as the older one.In discrimination task,10-year-old children show IOR at only one location,and no IOR can be see in 8-year-old children.Two experimental tasks do different work on this inhibition effect.

Motor development and inhibition in 4-6 year-old children

MENG Xiang-zhi, XIE Li-ping

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  6-10. 

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Using teacher rating and stop-signal paradigm,the present study examined motor development,motor inhibition and their relationships in 4-6 year-old children.The results showed that motor under static and moving condition developed rapidly in children of 4-6 years old.Motor inhibition ability was low but developed with age.Motor inhibition correlated significantly with general motor ability.The significance of motor development and the mechanism of motor inhibition was discussed.

Effect of play types on mother-toddler communication at home

WANG Li-xin, PENG Dan-ling

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  11-15. 

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The present study investigated the effect of family play types on mother-toddler communication by using videotaped observation.Results showed that mothers were more dominating and the children employed more expressions and attention during the interaction.Mothers employed more information demands than action direction in free play,by contraries,mothers employed more action directions than information demands in task play.In conclusion, mothers modified their speech acts according to the play types,accordingly infants adapted to these situations.

The Relationship between Eighth Graders Perceived Teacher-Expectancy, Self-Worth and Goal Orientation

ZHENG Hai-yan, LIU Xiao-ming, MO Lei

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  16-22. 

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The present study investigated the relationship between teacher-expectancy,self-worth and goal orientation.274 eighth graders of a middle school responded to questionnaires.The following results were obtained:(1) The demographic variables(gender and class type)had influence on teacher-expectancy,self-worth and goal orientation.(2)There were significantly positive correlations between variances of teacher-expectancy,self-worth and goal orientation:positive effect was positively related with every dimension of self-worth and goal orientation,and negative effect was negatively related with every dimension of self-worth and goal orientation.(3)After controlling the demographic variables,teacher expectancy and self-worth still played significantly predictive roles on goal orientation.(4)self-worth played a meditative role in the relevance between teacher-expectancy and the dimensions of goal orientation.

The Character of Secondary School Students’ Idolatry and The Relation between Their Idolatry and Ego-evaluation

LI Qiang, HAN Ding

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  23-26. 

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The study tested 233 Secondary School students about their idolatrous structure,types and the relation between their idolatry and ego-evaluation with The Idolatrous Structure Questionnaire by ourselves.The result are:① There are three factors in secondary students' idolatrous structure:Approbation,Emotion,Behavior which are ranked from high scores to low scores.Scores of the three factors are diffent in gender and grade;②There are significant relations in factors of Idolatrous Structure,between factors of Characters of Idolatry and Ego-evaluation;③ There are three types of idolatry in Secondary School students:Perceptual Adorer(21.00%),Intermediate Adorer (32.88%),Rational Adorer(46.12%).The benefit of three types of idolatry from more to less is Rational Adorer, Perceptual Adorer,Intermediate Adorer.

The Ideal Parents Characteristics for Contemporary Chinese Adolescent

PAN Qi-min, ZANG Wei, WEN Fei

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  27-31. 

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Using word list method among three age samples of students from three middle schools and one university, this study investigated the adolescent's ideal parents characteristics and their influential factors.A total of 690 adolescent's in grade 1s of junior middle school,senior middle school and university completed a word list inventory on ideal parents characteristic.The results showed,for current Chinese adolescents,they expected their parents could make friends with them,had good characters,and were cultured,responsible and realistic.The girls wished much more than the boys of the parents' communication with them.With the grades progressing,the adolescents emphasized much more on parents'consideration for children,but cared less about their ability and attitudes towards life and their moral characters.The family which had only a child or not,and the economical condition affected the adolescent's ideal parents characteristics,but the family structure didn't.

College Students’ Career Decision-Making Locus of Control: The Structure and Actuality

ZHANG Shan-shan, MENG Qing-mao

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  32-36. 

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Tried to develop a career decision-making locus of control internal-external double-dimensional questionnaire,then provided a description of the undergraduates'actuality.Ss were 507 from two science and technology colleges in Shijiazhuang.First,the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model with double-dimensionality was an excellent match to the data and implied that the internal and external control might be relatively independent rather than opposite end of a single continuum.Then,the six indictors of the career decision-making locus of control (the six indicators are sexual dependence,relational dependence,major luck,major ability,personal effort,decision-making ability)showed that the subjects tended to be externality and teachers should help them to be responsible for their own business.

The Research on the Relation of Addicting-behaviors, Personality, Social Support and Self-esteem on the Male Drug Addicts

YANG Ling, ZHAO Guo-jun, CHEN Bao-ping

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  37-41. 

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The affection to the male drug addicts from individual mental variables and environmental variables was explored.The results showed that personality,self-esteem,social support,living condition have correlation with addicting behaviors partly,and personality affects social support which affects self-esteem.Causal analysis validates the hypothesis of personality→social support→self-esteem→addicting behaviors.

Zttect of Classroom Information Representation on Primary SchoolTeachers’Perception

ZHANG Xue-min, LU Zhi-kun, SHEN Ji-liang, LIN Chong-de

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  42-45. 

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The present study intended to explore the influence of representation on primary school teachers' perception speed and accuracy of classroom information by in-lab experiment and psychological test.And the qualitative analysis of teachers' classroom teaching performance was admiaistered by individual interview.The results showed that the depth of representation had significant effect on teachers'perception speed of classroom information.However,it had no significant effect on teachers'perception accuracy of classroom information.The qualitative analysis of teachers' classroom teaching performance was consistent with the quantitative analysis.

The Heterogeneity of Chinese Developmental Dyslexia

WU Si-na, SHU Hua, WANG Yu

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  46-50. 

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By comparing the performances on phonological awareness test,morphological awareness test and on-line lexical access tests,the present study examined the heterogeneity and the dominant deficit of Chinese developmental dyslexia.The results showed that many factors,including phonological awareness,morphological awareness and the speed of lexical access,play an important role on Chinese reading.Chinese dyslexia are not homogeneous and mor-phological deficit may be an important reason for Chinese developmental dyslexia.

A Study on the Relationships Among the Amount of Reading Time Outside of Classroom, the Distribution and Reading Achievement in Primary and Junior Middle School Students

ZHANG Xiang-yang, HE Xian-you, LÜ Yun

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  51-55. 

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A survey was conducted on the total amount,and the distribution of students'reading time outside of school in primary and junior middle schools.The relationships between reading achievement and these factors were explored.The results were as follows,there was no significant difference in the total reading time between primary and junior middle school students,but the pattern of the reading time distribution was significantly different.Primary school students spent more time in reading literature books,and junior middle school students more in entertainment books besides that.

Research on the Relationship between Foreign Language Anxiety, Self-efficacy and English Performance

ZHANG Ri-sheng, YUAN Li-min

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  56-61. 

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The present study examined the relationship between English performance,foreign language anxiety and self-efficacy level of 315 college students.The results indicated:￥Foreign language anxiety level of CET4 passed students were significant lower than CET4 failed students,and their self-efficacy level were significant higher than failures;The English performance and self-efficacy of female were higher than male.Female's performance was better than male's in capacity and frustration of self-efficacy,No gender difference was found in students foreign language anxiety level;Foreign language anxiety level and English performance of students of liberal arts were higher than students of science,and there were not significant differences on self-efficacy between tham.(2)Theere was significant negative correlation between English performance and anxiety,and between foreign language anxiety and self-efficacy,while significant positive correlation between English performance and self-efficacy.Results by regression analysis showed that gender,subject,foreign language anxiety,self-efficacy,capacity and frustration of self-efficacy were predictors of English performance.

Investigation on College Students’ Self-disclosure

LI Lin-ying, CHEN Hui-chang

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  62-67. 

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To investigate self-disclosure among college students.424 college students received JSDQ assessment. There are significant differences between gender and grade in self-disclosure to different targets and different topics. (1)Girls show more than boys on different topics of self-disclosure;(2)There is the most self-disclosure within those of the female,the middle self-disclosure within those of the male,and the least self-disclosure within those of opposite sex;(3)There is more self-disclosure of senior undergraduates than of junior undergraduates;(4)Gradate students'self-disclosure to their male and female friends is more than that to their parents;(5)There is more in the topics of studies,tastes and attitudes than in the topics of personality,body and money.

The Investigative Research On Value-Orientation of the Sex Morals of Contemporary College Students

LIU Dian-zhi, MO Xiu-feng, YANG Ze, XU Xing-chun

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  68-74. 

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It is true that the sex morality of the contemporary college students is worth and need to study.With high reliability and validity questionnaire formed by authors,1673 students were investigated,who came from 9 different universities in eastward,middle part and westward of China.The study posted some significant matters.Firstly, there are significant discriminations among sex morality of different classified students.Secondly,most college students agreed the existence of sex morality.Thirdly,as a whole,college students approved commendably the morality of sexual behavior and the morality of edge sexual behavior.But they were negative to homosexuality.Also they were ambivalent to the behavior all by oneself.With the investigation,two points were put forward.One is that the ingredients of sexual behavior are virtue,sensation,unconstraint,duty and faithfulness.The other is that the ingredients of edge sexual behavior are sensation,unconstraint and duty.

The Different Models of Three Types of Test Anxiety Influencing Test Performance

TIAN Bao, GUO De-jun

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  75-80. 

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The tested models included:three types of test anxiety as exogenous variables,ten endogenous variables, they were:mastery goal,emotionality,coping behavior,test self-efficacy,achievement-approached goal,achievement-avoid goal,worry,study and test skills,cognition interference and final math performance,in which final math performance was outcome variable.The results were:different kinds of test anxiety had different models which test anxiety influenced test anxiety,namely,these models were:Cognition-Dominated Test Anxiety Model(C model),Arousal-Dominated Test Anxiety Model(P model),Sill-Lack-Dominated Test Anxiety Model(S model).Worry was mediator variable in C model.In P model,A important precondition was that worry influenced emotionality directly and significantly.It was the prominent characteristic that S model had a little mediator variables and test self-efficacy influencing study and test skill.

An Experimental Study on the Debugging Strategies in Reading Comprehension of the Students With Learning Disabilities

LI Wei-jian

Psychological Development and Education. 2004, 20(3):  81-85. 

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With the looking-back behavior as an index of metacognition level,the differences of the debugging strategies in reading comprehension between excellent readers and poor readers were examined.62 excellent readers and 63 poor readers were selected from elementary schools,junior high school and senior high school.The results showed that there were three types of looking-back behavior:mnemonic looking-back behavior,comprehending looking-back behavior and examining looking-back behavior;Excellent readers indicated much more metacognitive looking-back behavior than poor readers;Students in metacognitive looking-back behavior group got higher scores in reading comprehension than students with mnemonic looking-back behavior and students without looking-back behavior.