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Table of Content
15 January 2015, Volume 31 Issue 1
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Thirty-year Study on Development and Cultivation of Chinese Children and Adolescents' Personality
YANG Lizhu
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 9-14. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.02
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Development and cultivation of children and adolescents' personality is the key factor of promoting comprehensively quality-oriented education in the new century. Since 1981, we have combined theoretical study, practical study and experience and have made comprehensive researches on Chinese children and adolescents' personality by adopting synthetical study methods on the basis of comprehensively and systematically commenting on the theory of development of children's personality and finally constructed basically a basic framework for the development and education of Chinese children and adolescents, especially children. This article elaborates on the research results of development of Chinese children and adolescents' personality for over thirty years, systematically expounds the structures of Chinese children and adolescents' personality and important qualities, general characteristics of the development, factors of influencing the development of Chinese children and adolescents' personality, the effective modes of cultivating the development of children's sound personality and makes recommendations for the future researches.
Self-esteem Development in Children and Adolescents: Theory Construction and Empirical Studies
ZHANG Xiangkui, ZU Jing, ZHAO Yuetong
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 15-20. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.03
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Self-esteem is an important psychological resource consisting of ability and value. It is also the core of individual mental health. We have already been constructing theories and experimenting on self-esteem for years. The theory construction includes the search for the connotation and nature of self-esteem together with the construction of "inverted pyramid" structure model of self-esteem. Meanwhile, we have applied various methods to do a mount of empirical research on the development of individual self-esteem including the observational study on infants' early self-esteem, the study on the relationship between primary school students' self-esteem development and their adaptation to school, horizontal and vertical comparison of the characteristics of adolescents' self-esteem, the study on the relationship between special groups' self-esteem and mental health. Besides, we have analyzed the buffering function of self-esteem towards negative emotions by including failure in lab and memory preference and emotional reaction among tested participants of different self-esteem types. The above studies contribute to enriching the domestic research findings in the field of self-esteem.
The Developmental Characteristics and Psychological Mechanisms of the Magnitude Representation and Number Concept in Children
CHEN Yinghe
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 21-28. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.04
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The magnitude representation and number concept in children are two important parts in the field of numerical cognitive development. We have extensively and intensively explored these issues in theoretical and empirical study. We investigated and compared the mechanisms of the magnitude representation between large and small range, symbol and non-symbol magnitude. Our studies supplied theoretical and empirical evidence on the development trend of the clue of magnitude representation, linear magnitude representation and its mechanism, as well as the developmental characteristics and mechanisms of the number concept and the relationship between magnitude representation and number concept. The results lay the foundation for later studies on the development characteristics and mechanisms of the magnitude representation and number concept.
Adolescents' Social Adjustment: A Conceptual model, Assessment and Multiple Protective and Risk Factors
ZOU Hong, LIU Yan, ZHANG Wenjuan, JIANG Suo, ZHOU Hui, YU Yibing
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 29-36. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.05
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It is well accepted among developmental researchers that adolescents' social adjustment affect not only healthy psychological development during adolescence, but also psychological well-being in adult years. we proposed the area-function conceptual model of adolescents' social adjustment and developed a self-report social adjustment questionnaire. Based on this model, we provided data about adolescents' social adjustment, explored the effects of multiple protective and risk factors on adolescents' social adjustment. Overall, we systematically revealed the mechanisms of how the personal and environmental variables influence adolescents' social adjustment jointly, providing new perspectives in this research area. This paper is a review of our research work of this area. Suggestions for future directions were discussed.
Emotion Regulation Development of Chinese Adolescents
SANG Biao, DENG Xinmei
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 37-43. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.06
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In a period full of "storm and stress", Chinese adolescents' emotion regulation develops rapidly. Cultural values and social norm play important role in the development process of emotion regulation. Most of the prior studies focus on adolescent development under a typical Western culture. However, there are significant differences in the culture values and regulation goal of emotion regulation between Western and Asian cultures. The present review aimed to introduce the studies of emotion regulation development in Chinese adolescents' population and discuss the dominant role of down-regulation during development and the anti-hedonic regulation of positive emotions in adolescence.
Theoretical Research and Practical Exploration of Adolescents' Scientific Creativity
HU Weiping, HAN Kuikui
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 44-50. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.07
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Based on the theory research and practical exploration in the past 20 years, the research achievements of adolescents' scientific creativity has been combed. It include the concept and structure, measurement and development, influencing factors and mechanism, training thought and mode, The research tendency has been analyzed and some important research directions has been puts forward. In the future, studies on the neurocognitive mechanism and genomics of scientific creativity, scientific creativity research based on context and content, the mechanism of neural plasticity in teaching activities or projects to promote the development of scientific creativity, the cultivation of scientific creativity based on polymerization technology should be strengthen.
Meta-analysis of The Relation Between Executive Function and Theory of Mind:The Role of Inhibitory Control and Set Shifting
SU Yanjie, YU Jing
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 51-61. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.08
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The development of the Theory of Mind is of great significance for individual's socialization. This study proves that executive function can effectively predict the level of the Theory of Mind (
r
=0.37,
p
<0.001) by meta-analysis with cross-culture and cross-population stability. This relation is stable in one's life, proving the expression of executive function. However, in different stages of development, Theory of Mind is influenced by different components of executive function (
Q
1
=411.75,
p
1
<0.001,
df
1
=90;
Q
2
=219.49,
p
2
<0.001,
df
2
=50). Under age 3, inhibitory control plays a key role. Between 3 and 12 years old, the Theory of Mind is controlled by the combined effect of inhibitory control and set shifting, while during adolescence set shifting becomes more important. As to adulthood, both inhibitory control and set shifting could have a positive impact on the Theory of Mind.
The Development of Peer Relationship in Childhood
ZHOU Zongkui, SUN Xiaojun, ZHAO Dongmei, TIAN Yuan, FAN Cuiying
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 62-70. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.09
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Peer relationship has been valued extensively by researchers due to its important role in individual psychological adjustment. This review introduced the authors and their team's long-term research work in the area of peer relationship in childhood, which has been based on 13 years project of the Children's Peer Relationship Database in China and Unite States. Main topics discussed including the developmental characteristics of peer relationship and the influence factors and effects, longitudinal study, China-American comparison and the internet communication. Through description of the peer relationship's characteristics, developmental tendency and cultural diversity during childhood, some significant results were summarized from main indicators. Finally, feasible advices were offered for further research direction based upon the perspective of internet communication, social network analysis and individual centered analysis.
The Investigating of Situation and Factors of Adolescents' Ideals in China
YAO Benxian, ZHOU Xiao, QUAN Lijuan, ZHANG Ling
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 71-77. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.10
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To examine the situation and factors of adolescents' ideals in contemporary China, adolescents' ideal questionnaire from the project of national philosophy and social science "the investigating of situation adolescents' ideals in China" by adopted to investigate 5000 adolescents in 12 cities of 12 provinces. The results found that the level of adolescents' ideals were higher. Comparing to female adolescents, male adolescents' body ideal was higher and moral, personality, academic, life and occupational ideals were lower. Junior school students' moral, personality, life and social ideals were higher than senior high school students and college students, and material, body, life and occupational ideals were lower than college students, particular senior high school students' life and occupational ideal were lowest. Furthermore, the regression analysis found that father's educational level had a positive effect on adolescents' occupational ideal, and mother's educational level had a positive effect on adolescents' life ideal. In addition, household income predicted positively adolescents' material, life and body ideal.
The Reflection and Exploration of the Research on the Psychology of Affective Instruction
LU Jiamei
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 78-84. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.11
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The article mainly covers four aspects of the study, which demonstrates what the author and his research team has pondered and explored in the area of the psychology of affective instruction during the past thirty years. 1. The trigger of the research on the psychology of affective instruction: combined with author's personal teaching experience and the status quo of the neglect of research on emotional psychology; 2. The exploration of emotional classification, function and mechanisms has laid a solid foundation for research on the psychology of affective instruction; 3. Promoting the series of research on the psychology of affective instruction from the basic and practical aspects; 4. Extending the research on the psychology of affective instruction from the macro perspective of social-psychological level and the micro perspective of biological-psychological level.
Eye Movement Control in Chinese Reading: A Summary over the Past 20 Years of Research
BAI Xuejun, LI Xin, YAN Guoli
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 85-91. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.12
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Researches on eye movement control in Chinese reading over the past 20 years were reviewed systematically. The oculomotor control system in reading has to make constant decisions in relation to the two issues: (1) what determines "when" to move the eyes; and (2) what determines "where" to move next? A great deal of research has investigated how word boundary information, word frequency, familiarity, predictability, semantic transparency, concreteness, the characteristic of non-fixated words and age of acquisition influence the "when" decision. There are also researches (though comparatively limited) investigating how font size, stroke complexity, character structure, word length, word construction, inter-word spaces, frequency, predictability, reasonability, readers' age and reading ability influence the "where" decision. Both commonalities and differences of the characteristics of eye movement control exist in reading Chinese and alphabetic language scripts (like English). Therefore, in order to establish a model of eye movement control in Chinese reading, we should consider the current findings and the nature of Chinese characteristics.
Teachers' Psychology: Perspectives from the Expertise and Professional Development
LIAN Rong
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 92-99. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.13
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The development of teachers' psychology has become an important research field in educational psychology. Recent years have witnessed fruitful researches on teachers' teaching expertise development from the perspective of cognitive psychology and teachers' psychological characteristics and mental health from the perspective of professional psychology. Based on the existing achievements at home and abroad, this paper proposed suggestions regarding further teachers' psychological researches in China.
The Prevention and Intervention on Adolescent Internet Addiction
FANG Xiaoyi, LIU Lu, DENG Linyuan, LIU Qinxue, SU Wenliang, LAN Jing
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 100-107. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.14
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Internet Addiction Disorder has become a risky factor for physical and mental development and academic performance of adolescents. According to the studies about psychological prevention and intervention on adolescents’ Internet addiction in the past more than 10 years, there were different psychological treatment approaches and modalities, among which is predominated by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and group counseling. The programs in this field tend to integrate multiple approaches and modalities. Based on previous studies and different counseling theories such as Family Therapy, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, and internet addiction theories such as psychological need satisfaction, we have developed multi-level comprehensive prevention and intervention programs applied in the individual, family, or school, most of which have been tested by empirical studies. Future research can focus on biological factors of Internet addiction among adolescents, to eventually develop a systematic biopsychosocial program for psychological prevention and intervention on adolescents' Internet addiction.
The Psychological Development of Chinese Left-Behind Children and Migrant Children in Urbanization Process
SHEN Jiliang, LIU Xia, ZHAO Jingxin, SHI Baoguo
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 108-116. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.15
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the psychological development of Chinese left-behind children and migrant children has a great influence on both children's healthy growth and social harmony and stability. Since 2004, we have made comprehensive and profound researches on the psychological adjustment outcomes, its developmental environment, influence factors and psychological mechanisms of Chinese left-behind children and migrant children. In this article, we first discussed the developmental characteristics and developmental environment of the two disadrantaged children's psychology, and then elaborated Chinese migrant children's psychological adaptation in city and its influence factors. We also reviewed Chinese left-behind children's emotional and behavioral adaption in the rural area and the effect of protective and risk factors. Finally, some feasible advices were offered for further researches.
Adolescent's Psychological Reactions Following Traumatic Events: Influencing Mechanism and Intervention
WU Xinchun, ZHOU Xiao, LIN Chongde, CHEN Jieling
Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(1): 117-127. doi:
10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.01.16
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Psychological reactions among adolescents after Wenchuan earthquake were concerned by the society. Our team carried out a 6-year longitudinal research on the psychological reactions post-earthquake, which could also provide evidence for the intervention among adolescents. The present article aims to introduce the work done by our team, including theoretical review, mental health state of adolescents after Wenchuan earthquake, influencing mechanism and psychological intervention among adolescents following trauma. Then, we outlined a theoretical framework for the study of post-traumatic mental health among adolescents, summarized the state and changing tendency of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and posttrauamtic growth respectively, analysized the influencing factors and mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttrauamtic growth, proposed guideline for psychological intervention, and explored the direction for the future study.
