Psychological Development and Education ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 142-152.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.01.14

Previous Articles    

The Relationship between Non-suicidal Self-injury and Suicidal Ideation during Early Adolescence: The Longitudinal Moderating Role of Parent-child Communication

WANG Yulong1, WANG Danyun1, LIN Xiuyun2   

  1. 1. Research Center for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081;
    2. Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
  • Published:2026-01-19

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Abstract: To explore the developmental trends of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation and parent-child communication, and the longitudinal moderating role of parent-child communication in the relationship between NSSI and suicidal ideation in early adolescents, a total of 1168 seventh grade students from two middle schools in Hunan were investigated three times by questionnaire survey for one year. The results showed that: (1) NSSI and suicidal ideation showed a linear increasing trend, and parent-child communication showed a linear decreasing trend; (2) The initial level and growth rate of NSSI significantly positively predicted the initial level and growth rate of suicidal ideation respectively; (3) The growth rate of parent-child communication plays a negative moderating role in the relationship between the growth rate of NSSI and suicidal ideation. Specifically, the effect of NSSI growth on suicidal ideation growth was stronger when parent-child communication delined slowly, but weaken when it declined rapidly.

Key words: non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, parent-child communication, latent growth modeling, early adolescence

Asarnow, J., Porta, G., Spirito, A., Emslie, G., Clarke, G., Wagner, K., … Brent, D. (2011). Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: Findings from the TORDIA study.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 772-781.
Abigail, Z., Caroline, A. H., Nadia, B., & Roger, K. (2019). Parent-teen communicati- on predicts treatment benefit for depressed and suicidal adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 12, 1137-1148.
Agnew, R. (2003). An integrated theory of the adolescent peak in offending.Youth & Society, 34, 263-299.
Baltes, R. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of development theory.American Psychologist, 52, 366-380.
Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent-adolescent communication and thecircumplex model. Child Development, 56(2), 438-447.
Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2016). Cyberbullying victimization and depression in adolescents: The mediating role of body image and cognitive schemas in a one-year prospective study.European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research, 22(2), 271-284.
Chen, Y., Li, L., & Hu, Y. (2016). Relationship Between Parent-Child Communication and Internet Addiction among College Students.Chinese Journal of School Health, 37, 221-223.
Chen, P., Wang, G. D., Yu, C. F., & Nie, Y. (2023). Academic stress, self-esteem and nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents: The moderating effect of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene rs53576 polymorphism.Current Psychology, 43, 4728-4736.
Chu, C., Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Gai, A. R., Nock, M. K., Gutierrez, P. M., & Joiner, T. E. (2018). Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A study of the explanatory roles of the interpersonal theory variables among military service members and veterans.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(1), 56-68.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin, 98 (2), 310-357.
Forster, M., Grigsby, T.J., Gower, A.L., Mehus, C. J., & Mcmorris, B. J. (2020). The role of social support in the association between childhood adversity and adolescent self-injury and suicide: Findings from a statewide sample of high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 1195-1208.
Frijns, T., Keijsers, L., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2010). What parentsdon’t know and how it may affect their children: Qualifying the disclosure-adjustment link.Journal of Adolescence, 33(2), 261-270.
Gabriela, G., Michaela, K., & Burkhard, G. (2023). Adolescents' psychological adjustment during challenging times: The role of mothers', fathers', and adolescents' ratings of parental warmth. Developmental Psychology, 59(1), 112-127.
Galvin, K. M., Brommel, B. J., & Bylund, C. L. (2004). Family communication: Cohesion and change.Pearson Education.
Giletta, M., Prinstein, M. J., Abela, J. R. Z., Gibb, B. E., Barrocas, A. L., & Hankin, B. L. (2015). Trajectories of suicide ideation and nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents in mainland China: Peer predictors, joint development, and risk for suicide attempts. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(2), 265-279.
Glenn, C. R., Lanzillo, E.C., Esposito, E. C., Santee, A. C, Nock, M. K., & Auerbach, R. P. (2017). Examining the course of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in outpatient and inpatient adolescents.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45, 971-983.
Grandclerc, S., Labrouhe, D. D., Spodenkiewicz, M., & Marie-Rose M. (2017). Relations between nonsuicidal self-Injury and suicidal behavior in adolescence: A systematic Review.PLoS ONE, 11(4),e0153760. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153760
Guan, K., Fox, R. T., & Prinstein M. J. (2012). Nonsuicidal self-injury as a time-invariant predictor of adolescent suicide ideation and attempts in a diverse community sample.Journal of Consult Clinical Psychology, 80(5), 842-849.
Guertin, T., Lloyd-Richardson, E., Spirito, A., Donaldson, D., & Boergers, J. (2001). Self-mutilative behavior in adolescents who attempt suicide by overdose.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(9), 1062-1069.
Herzog, S., Choo, T. H., Galfalvy, H., Mann, J. J., & Stanley, B. H. (2022). Effect of non-suicidal self-injury on suicidal ideation: Real-time monitoring study.The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 221(2), 485-487.
Hobfoll, S. T. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory.Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50(3), 337-421.
Hu, J., Dong, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Ma, D., Liu, X., … He, W. (2015). Prevalence of suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.Comprehensive Psychiatry, 61, 78-89.
Jeffrey, B. A., Tina, G. R., & David B.A. (2006). Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 47(3-4),372-394.
Kapetanovic, S., Rothenberg, W. A., Lansford, J. E., & Bacchini, D. (2020). Cross-cultural examination of links between parent-adolescent communication and adolescent psychological problems in 12 cultural groups.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(6), 1225-1244.
Keijsers, L., & Poulin, F. (2013). Developmental changes in parent-childcommunication throughout adolescence.Developmental Psychology, 49(12), 2301-2308.
King, D. W., King, L. A., Foy, D. W., Keane, T. M., & Fairbank, J. A. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of female and male Vietnam veterans. Risk factors, war-zone stressors, and resilience-recovery variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 164-170.
Klonsky, E. D., Alexis, M. M., & Catherine, C. R. (2013). The relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury and attempted suicide: Converging evidence from four samples.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(1), 231-237.
Ksinan, A. J., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2016). Longitudinal associations between parental monitoring discrepancy and delinquency: An application of the latent congruency model.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(12), 2369-2386.
Ladouceur, C. D. (2012). Neural systems supporting cognitive-affective interactions in adolescence: The role of puberty and implications for affective disorders.Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 65.https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00065
Lim, K. S., Wong, C. H., McIntyre, R. S., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Tran, B. X., … Ho, R. C. (2019). Global lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self-harm and non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents between 1989 and 2018: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4581.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph-16224581
Loon, L. M. A. V., Ven, M. O. M. V. D., Doesum, K. T. M. V., Hosman, C. M. H., & Witteman, C. L. M. (2015). Factors promoting mental health of adolescents who have a parent with mental illness: A longitudinal study. Child & Youth Care Forum, 44(6), 777-799.
Marceau, K., Zahn-Waxler, C., Shirtcliff, E. A., Schreiber, J. E., Hastings, P., & Klimes-Dougan, B. (2015). Adolescents’, mothers’, and fathers’ gendered coping strategies during conflict: Youth and parent influences on conflict resolution and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 27(4), 1025-1044.
Miranda, S., & Robert, D. L. (2010). Parent-child relationships and dyadic friendship experiences as predictors of behavior problems in early adolescence.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(6), 873-884.
Musci, R. J., Hart, S. R., Ballard, E. D., Newcomer A., Van Eck, K., Ialongo, N. & Wilcox, H. (2016). Trajectories of suicidal ideation from sixth through tenth grades in predicting suicide attempts in young adulthood in an urban african american cohort.Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior, 46(3), 255-265.
Nock, M. K., & Favazza, A. R. (2009). Nonsuicidal self-injury: Definition and classification. In M. K. Nock (Ed.),Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment (pp. 9-18). American Psychological Association.
Osman, A., Gutierrez, P. M., Kopper, B. A. Barrios, F.X., & Chiros, C.E. (1998). The Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory: Development and validation.Psychological Reports, 82, 783-793.
Pinquart, M. (2017). Associations of parenting dimensions and styleswith externalizing problems of children and adolescents: An updatedmeta-analysis.Developmental Psychology, 53(5), 873-932.
Rajhvajn, B. L., Sušac, N., & Ajdukovi, M. (2024). Predicting prolonged non-suicidal self-injury behaviour and suicidal ideations in adolescence-the role of personal and environmental factors.Current Psychology,43, 1533-1544.
Reinherz, H. Z., Tanner, J. L., Berger, S. R., Beardslee, W. R., & Fitzmaurice, G. M. (2006). Adolescent suicidal ideation as predictive of psychopathology, suicidal behavior, and compromised functioning at age 30.American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(7), 1226-1232.
Ribeiro, J. D., Franklin, J. C., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Chang, B. P., & Nock, M.K. (2015). Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors as risk factors for future suicide ideation, attempts, and death: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Psychological Medicine, 46, 225-236.
Simpson, E. G., Lincoln, C. R., & Ohannessian, M. C. (2020). Does adolescent anxiety moderate the relationship between adolescent-parent communication and adolescent Coping?Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(1), 237-249.
Smetana, J. G., & Rote, W. M. (2019). Adolescent-parent relationships:Progress, processes, and prospects. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1(1), 41-68.
Stanley, B., Winchell, R., Molcho, A., Simeon, D., & Stanley, M. (1992). Suicide and the self-harm continuum: Phenomenological and bio-chemical evidence.International Review of Psychiatry, 4, 149-155.
Steinberg, L. (1989). Adolescence(pp.218-245). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Sun, R. C., Hui, E. K., & Watkins, D. (2006). Towards a model of suicidal ideation for Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.Journal of Adolescence, 29, 209-224.
Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Eckenrode, J., Purington, A., Abrams, G.B., Barriera, P., & Kress, V. (2013). Nonsuicidal self-injury as a gateway to suicide in young adults. Journal of Adoelscent Health, 52, 486-192.
Wichstrm, L. (2009). Predictors of non-suicidal self-injury versus attempted suicide: Similar or different?Archives of Suicide Research, 13(2), 105-122.
Willoughby, T., Heffer, T., & Hamza, C. A. (2015). The link between nonsuicidal self-injury and acquired capability for suicide: A longitudinal study.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(4), 1110-1115.
Zhang, J., Norvilitis, J. M., & Ingersoll, T. S. (2007). Idiocentrism, allocentrism, psychological well being and suicidal ideation: A cross cultural study.OMEGA — Journal of Death and Dying, 55(2), 131-144.
方杰, 温忠麟. (2022). 纵向数据的调节效应分析. 心理科学进展, 30(11), 2461-2475.
冯玉. (2008). 青少年自我伤害行为与个体情绪因素和家庭环境因素的关系 (硕士学位论文). 华中师范大学, 武汉.
何灿, 魏华, 谢笑春, 雷玉菊. (2022). 父母“低头族”对青少年自伤行为的影响:给予体验回避模型的视角. 心理发展与教育, 38(2), 287-294.
侯牧天, 唐燊, 薛亦菲, 王明辉, 王宇拓, 王惠敏. (2022). 中学生自伤、自杀意念的“双高”与“双低”模式:基于潜剖面分析方法. 心理技术与应用, 2, 82-93.
李建良, 俞国良. (2014).自杀的人际关系理论:研究与临床应用.中国临床心理学杂志,22(1),126-131.
李金文, 白荣, 王雨萌, 刘霞. (2023). 青少年抑郁与自伤行为的发展轨迹及其关系:基于两年的追踪研究. 心理发展与教育, 39(3), 429-438.
沈程峰, 李欢欢, 宋巍, 蒋松源, 包佳敏. (2012). 中学生应激性生活事件与自伤的关系:积极发展素质的调节作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 29(03), 483-488.
王孟成, 毕向阳. (2018). 潜变量建模与Mplus应用:进阶篇. 重庆大学出版社.
王秋英, 黄巧敏, 迟新丽. (2022). 初中生自杀意念及影响因素的3年纵向研究. 中国心理卫生杂志, 36(2), 124-128.
王树青, 张文新, 陈会昌. (2006). 中学生自我同一性的发展与父母教养方式、亲子沟通的关系. 心理与行为研究, 2, 126-132.
王钰莹. (2022). 高中生学业压力对自杀意念的影响 (硕士学位论文). 华中师范大学, 武汉.
王学志, 宫火良, 康晓然, 刘雯雯, 董晓静, 马彦锋. (2011). 青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析. 中国健康心理学杂志, 8, 964-966.
王雅婷, 肖水源, 郭晓艳, 胡宓. (2019). 中国中学生自杀意念相关因素的系统综述和meta分析. 中国心理卫生杂志, 6, 464-469.
徐慧琼, 万宇辉, 许韶君, 张诗晨, 王伟, 曾寒君, … 陶芳标. (2019). 中学生非自杀性自伤行为与自杀意念和自杀未遂的关联.中国心理卫生杂志, 10, 774-778.
于丽霞, 凌霄, 江光荣. (2013). 自伤青少年的冲动性. 心理学报, 45(03), 320-335.
张璇, 张耀方. (2007). 青春期情感自主性与社会适应性的相关性研究. 杭州师范学院学报(医学版), 2, 94-98.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
郑莺. (2006). 武汉市中学生自我伤害行为流行学调查及其功能模型 (硕士学位论文). 华中师范大学, 武汉.
[1] YANG Shuyun, LI Zihan, REN Ping. Effects of Bullying Victimization on NSSI in Early Adolescent: The Role of Loneliness and Emotion Regulation Strategies [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(1): 121-130.
[2] FAN Xinghua, YAN Lifei, JIN Jianing, LI Xiaotong, DENG Huixi, YU Si. Effect of the Development of Parental Care on the Development of General Well-being In Grade 4~6 Left-behind Rural Children: The Moderating Role of Positively Interpreting Life [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(6): 859-868.
[3] WANG Yulong, LI Rong, CHEN Huilin, LIN Xiuyun. Impact of Parental Conflict on Non-suicide Self-injury in Early Adolescence: Longitudinal Mediating Effects of Depression [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(2): 276-283.
[4] GU Honglei, HUANG Jia, LI Jiacheng. Identity Confusion and Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury: The Mediating Role of Alienation and the Moderating Role of Difficulties in Emotional Regulation [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(1): 126-134.
[5] LIN Danhua, FENG Shuhui, SHEN Zijiao, XIAO Jiale. The Relationship between Parent-child Communication and Peer Victimization among Rural-to-urban Migrant Children: Based on Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(6): 832-844.
[6] ZHANG Ye, CHEN Jiahui, REN Ping, WANG Quanquan. The Relationship between Bullying Victimization and Non-suicidal Self-injury: The Mediating Role of Loneliness and the Moderating Role of Teacher Justice [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(6): 877-885.
[7] HONG Defan, XU Yijie, HU Qian, ZHANG Jiaying, HUANG Yingying, MAO Ran, CHEN Jing, JIANG Suo. Bullying Victimization and Suicide Ideation among Adolescents: Based on Latent Moderated Structural Equation [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(5): 706-719.
[8] LIU Xiaoting, ZHANG Ning. The Development of Sleep Problems in Early Adolescence: Gender Difference and the Role of Positive and Negative Affect [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(4): 551-562.
[9] ZHANG Ye, ZHANG Shanshan, BAI Dongmei, LIU Zhihong. The Relationship between Campus Interpersonal Exclusion and Adolescents’ Suicidal Ideation: The Role of Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Anxiety [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(4): 563-571.
[10] HUANG Yuancheng, YUAN Qiumei, XIN Ting, LI Caina. The Effect of Academic Achievement on Subjective Well-being in Early Adolescence: The Role of Self-esteem and Mobility [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(3): 384-392.
[11] XIN Guogang, ZHANG Libin, CHANG Ruisheng, ZHANG Yunyun. Bullying Victimization Trajectories in Early Adolescence: The Predictive Role of Depression, Self-esteem and Academic Achievement [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.
[12] LI Jinwen, BAI Rong, WANG Yumeng, LIU Xia. The Relationship between Developmental Trajectories of Adolescents’ Depression and Self-injury: A Two-year Longitudinal Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 429-438.
[13] LI Xiaoqing, LIU Yinzhang, WANG Yue, JIANG Suo. Effects of Violence Exposure on School Bullying among Early-age Adolescents of Different Genders: Based on Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 255-265.
[14] JIANG Suo, DING Jinqi, LIU Yan, LU Yuanyuan, LI Xiaoqing, CHEN Jing. The Effect of Cyber-bullying/Cyber-victimization on Sleep Quality in Early Adolescence: A Serial Mediation Model of Social Anxiety and Depression Mood [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(1): 85-96.
[15] GAO Feng, BAI Xuejun, ZHANG Peng, CAO Haibo. A Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Adolescents [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(1): 97-108.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd