Psychological Development and Education ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 255-265.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.02.12

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Violence Exposure on School Bullying among Early-age Adolescents of Different Genders: Based on Latent Profile Analysis

LI Xiaoqing1, LIU Yinzhang1, WANG Yue1, JIANG Suo2   

  1. 1. School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061;
    2. Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035
  • Published:2023-03-11

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Abstract: The current study aimed to explore the latent constructs of school bullying among early adolescence in different gender group. It also investigated the association between violence exposure and the latent constructs of school bullying among male and female students respectively. By cluster sampling, the Bully/Victim Scale, the Multiple Forms of Violence Scale, and demographic questionnaire were administered to 2462 adolescents in Zhejiang province. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to construct typologies of bullying involvement in different gender group. The results showed that: (1) Four latent classes were identified for boys, including the low involvement class (61.90%), the moderate involvement class (16.49%), the high involvement class (5.05%) and the victimization class (16.56%). For girls, three latent classes were identified such as the low involvement class (74.16%), the moderate involvement class (14.29%) and the victimization class (11.55%); (2) The association between violence exposure and school bullying varied based on the nature of the violence exposure (witnessing and victimization) and the contexts of exposure to violence (community, family and school). Specially, being a victim was a risk factor of bully involvement both for boys and girls. And violence exposure at school and family contributed more to boy’s bullying involvement, whereas violence exposure in the community was more related to girl’s bullying behavior. These results suggested gender differences in school bullying patterns, and the link between violence exposure and school bullying varied by the contexts and forms. The implication of prevention and intervention of school bullying were discussed.

Key words: school bullying, violence exposure, latent profile analysis, early adolescence

CLC Number: 

  • B844
Bacchini, D., Affuso, G.,&Aquilar, S.(2015). Multiple forms and settings of exposure to violence and values:Unique and interactive relationships with antisocial behavior in adolescence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(17), 3065-3088.
Bandura, A.(1978). Social learning theory of aggression.Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12-29.
Batanova, M., Espelage, D.,&Rao, M.(2014). Early adolescents' willingness to intervene:What roles do attributions, affect, coping, and self-reported victimization play?Journal of School Psychology, 52(3), 279-293.
Beckmann, L.(2020). Exposure to family violence and adolescent aggression in multiple social contexts:Classroom social resources as moderators.Journal of Family Violence, 35(5), 471-484.
Bradshaw, C., Mitchell, M., O'Brennan, L.,&Leaf, P.(2010). Multilevel exploration of factors contributing to the overrepresentation of black students in office disciplinary referrals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(2), 508-520.
Bronfenbrenner, U.(1992). Ecological systems theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.),Six theories of child development:Revised formulations and current issues(pp. 187-249). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Butcher, F., Galanek, J. D., Kretschmar, J. M.,&Flannery, D. J.(2015). The impact of neighborhood disorganization on neighborhood exposure toviolence, trauma symptoms, and social relationships among at-risk youth. Social Science&Medicine, 146(2), 300-306.
Cadely, H. S., Mrug, S.,&Windle, M.(2019). Comparisons of types of exposure to violence within and across contexts in predicting the perpetration of dating aggression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(12), 2377-2390.
Chesworth, B., Lanier, P.,&Rizo, C. F.(2019). The association between exposure to intimate partner violence and child bullying behaviors.Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(8), 2220-2231.
Cooley-Quille, M., Boyd, R., Frantz, E.,&Walsh, J.(2001). Emotional and behavioral impact of exposure to community violence in inner-city adolescent.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(1), 199-206.
Craig, W., Harel-Fisch, Y., Fogel-Grinvald, H., Dostaler, S., Hetland, J., Simons-Morton, B., … Pickett, W.(2009). A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. International Journal of Public Health, 54(2), 216-224.
Dante, C.,&Rogosch, F. A..(1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology.Development&Psychopathology, 8(4), 597-600.
Davis, J. P., Ingram, K. M., Merrin, G. J.,&Espelage, D. L.(2018). Exposure to parental and community violence and the relationship to bullying perpetration and victimization among early adolescents:A parallel process growth mixture latent transition analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(1), 77-89.
Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A.,&Hamby, S. L.(2013). Violence, crime, and abuse exposure in a national sample of children and youth:An update.Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics, 167(7), 614-621.
Franzese, R. J., Covey, H. C., Tucker, A. S., McCoy, L.,&Menard, S.(2014). Adolescent exposure to violence and adult physical and mental health problems. Child Abuse&Neglect, 38(12), 1955-1965.
Giang, M.,&Graham, S.(2008). Using latent class analysis to identify aggressors and victims of peer harassment. Aggressive Behavior, 34(2), 203-213.
Goldweber, A., Waasdorp, T.,&Bradshaw, C.(2012). Examining associations between race, urbanicity, and patterns of bullying involvement.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(2), 206-219.
Goodearl, A. W., Salzinger, S.,&Rosario, M.(2013). The association between violence exposure and aggression and anxiety.The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(3), 311-338.
Hardaway, C. R., Larkby, C. A.,&Cornelius, M. D.(2014).Socioemotional adjustment as a mediator of the association between exposure to community violence and academic performance in low-income adolescents. Psychology of Violence, 4(3), 281-293.
Ho, M.,&Cheung, F.(2009). The differential effects of forms andsettings of exposure to violence on adolescents' adjustment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(7), 1309-1337.
Huang, F. L., Cornell, D. G.,&Konold, T. R.(2015). Aggressive attitudes in middle schools:A factor structure and criterion-related validity study. Assessment, 22(4), 497-512.
Hong, J., Espelage, D.,&Rose, C.(2019). Bullying, peer victimization, and child and adolescent health:An introduction to the special issue. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 2329-2334.
Kimonis, E., Ray, J., Branch, J.,&Cauffman, E.(2011). Anger mediates the relation between violence exposure and violence perpetration in incarcerated boys.Child&Youth Care Forum, 40(5), 381-400.
Knous-Westfall, H., Ehrensaft, M., MacDonell, K.,&Cohen, P.(2011). Parental intimate partner violence, parenting practices, and adolescent peer bullying:A prospective study.Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(5), 754-766.
Lovegrove, P. J.,&Cornell, D. G.(2014). Patterns of bullying and victimization associated with other problem behaviors among high school students:A conditional latent class approach.Journal of Crime and Justice, 37(1), 5-22.
Lynch, M.,&Cicchetti, D.(1998). An ecological-transactional analysis of children and contexts:The longitudinal interplay among child maltreatment, community violence, and children's symptomatology. Development and Psychopathology, 10(2), 235-257.
Mazzone, A., Camodeca, M.,&Salmivalli, C.(2016). Stability and change of outsider behavior in school bullying:The role of shame and guilt in a longitudinal perspective. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(2), 164-177.
Nansel, T., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R., Ruan, W., Simons-Morton, B.,&Scheidt, P.(2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth:Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(16), 2094-2100.
Nylund-Gibson, K., Asparouhov, T.,&Muthén, B.(2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling:A monte carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling:A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 535-569.
Olweus, D.(1993). Bullying at school:What we know and what we can do. Blackwell Publishing.
Pan, Y., Liu, H., Lau, P.,&Luo, F.(2017). A latent transition analysis of bullying and victimization in Chinese primary school students.PLoS ONE, 12(8), Article e0182802. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182802
Rivers, I., Poteat, V., Noret, N.,&Ashurst, N.(2009). Observing bullying at school:The mental health implications of witness status.School Psychology Quarterly, 24(4), 211-223.
Singham, T., Viding, E., Schoeler, T.,Arseneault, L., Ronald, A., Cecil, C. M., … Pingault, J. B.(2017). Concurrent and longitudinal contribution of exposure to bullying in childhood to mental health:The role of vulnerability and resilience. Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics, 74(11), 1112-1119.
Silva, M. A., Pereira, B., Mendonça, D., Nunes, B.,&de Oliveira, W. A.(2013). The involvement of girls and boys with bullying:An analysis of gender differences.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(12), 6820-6831.
Smith, S. C., Ellis, J. B.,&Benson, T. A.(2001). Gender, gender roles and attitudes towards violence:Are viewpoints changing?Social Behavior and Personality:An International Journal, 29(1), 43-47.
Sterba, S. K.,&Bauer, D. J.(2010). Matching method with theory in person-oriented developmental psychopathology research.Development&Psychopathology, 22(2), 239-254.
Lambert, S. F., Ialongo, N. S., Boyd, R. C.,&Cooley, M. R.(2005). Risk factors for community violence exposure in adolescence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1-2), 29-48.
Rosato, N.,&Baer, J.(2012). Latent class analysis:A method for capturing heterogeneity.Social Work Research, 36(1), 61-69.
Wang, J., Iannotti, R., Luk, J.,&Nansel, T.(2010). Co-occurrence of victimization from five subtypes of bullying:Physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber.Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35(10), 1103-1112.
Williford, A., Boulton, A.,&Jenson, J.(2014). Transitions between subclasses of bullying and victimization when entering middle school. Aggressive Behavior, 40(1), 24-41.
Zhang, S., Gong, M., Li, W., Wang, W., Wu, R., Guo, L.,&Lu, C.(2020). Patterns of bullying victimization and associations with mental health problems in Chinese adolescents:A latent class analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 779.
Zhu, Y., Chan, K. L.,&Chen, J.(2018). Bullying victimization among Chinese middle school students:The role of family violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(12), 1958-1977.
杨晓霞,陈亮,曹衍淼,毕馨文,陈光辉,张文新.(2020).青少年早期同伴侵害的亚类别及其稳定性:个体定向的分析. 心理发展与教育, 36(2), 146-156.
杨继宇,谢宇,瞿华礼,刘宗胜,王毓杰.(2016).中国学生欺负相关行为报告率的Meta分析. 中国健康心理学杂志, 24(11), 1658-1662.
李涛,陈晨,左薇.(2018).社区暴力接触对初中生抑郁的影响:社会支持的调节作用. 中国特殊教育, 25(7), 79-84.
谢家树,魏宇民, Zhuorong, Z.(2019).当代中国青少年校园欺凌受害模式探索:基于潜在剖面分析. 心理发展与教育,35(1), 98-102.
张林,刘燊,徐强,吴晓燕,杨梦圆.(2017).日常环境中的暴力暴露对攻击行为的长期影响:一个有调节的中介模型. 心理学报, 49(1), 50-59.
张文新.(2002).中小学生欺负/受欺负的普遍性与基本特点. 心理学报, 34(4), 57-64.
张文新,谷传华,王美萍,王益文, Jones, K.(2000).中小学生欺负问题中的性别差异的研究. 心理科学, 23(4), 435-439.
张文新,武建芬.(1999). Olweus儿童欺负问卷中文版的修订. 心理发展与教育, 15(2), 7-11+37.
周浩,龙立荣.(2004).共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
张一波,张卫,朱键军,喻承甫,陈圆圆,卢镇辉.(2017).社区暴力暴露与初中生外化问题行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型. 心理发展与教育, 33(2), 228-239.
[1] LU Xinzhe, WANG Zhi, LI Yong, WANG Binying. Longitudinal Effects of Parental Violence Exposure on Middle School Students' Problem Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(2): 231-239.
[2] LIU Sihan, WU Xinchun, WANG Xinyi. Latent Profiles of Parenting Styles and Their Associations with Academic Engagement and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 673-682.
[3] WANG Yulong, SU Huijuan, LIN Xiuyun. The Classification of Self-injury in Adolescents: Based on Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 735-742.
[4] XIN Guogang, ZHANG Libin, CHANG Ruisheng, ZHANG Yunyun. Bullying Victimization Trajectories in Early Adolescence: The Predictive Role of Depression, Self-esteem and Academic Achievement [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.
[5] ZHANG Lin, CHEN Yanling, HONG Xinwei, ZHAO Mingyu, FAN Hang, LIU Shen. The Relationship between Callous-unemotional Traits and School Bullying of Junior High School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 266-275.
[6] JIANG Suo, DING Jinqi, LIU Yan, LU Yuanyuan, LI Xiaoqing, CHEN Jing. The Effect of Cyber-bullying/Cyber-victimization on Sleep Quality in Early Adolescence: A Serial Mediation Model of Social Anxiety and Depression Mood [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(1): 85-96.
[7] XU Xinpei, MO Lingfei, LIU Ming, DENG Ciping. Grade 10 Students' Achievement Goal Orientation Patterns and Their Academic Adjustment: Based on Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(1): 81-89.
[8] YANG Xiaoxia, CHEN Liang, CAO Yanmiao, BI Xinwen, CHEN Guanghui, ZHANG Wenxin. Peer Victimization During Early Adolescence: Person Centered Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2020, 36(2): 146-156.
[9] ZHANG Yunyun, HUANG Meiwei, REN Ping, ZHANG Ruiping. Does My Friend's Academic Achievement Affect Mine? The Influence Effect in Friend Dyads and the Mediation Effect of Achievement Goal Orientation [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2020, 36(1): 54-66.
[10] XIE Jiashu, WEI Yumin, ZHU Zhuorong. Patterns of Bullying Victimization among Adolescents in China: Based on Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2019, 35(1): 95-102.
[11] LIU Dan, JIAO Runkai, WANG Heli, LI Feifei. The Relationship Between Preschool Teachers' Emotional Labor Strategies and Burnout: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2018, 34(6): 742-749.
[12] HU Yiqiu, LIU Shuangjin, LI Zhihua, ZHU Cuiying, SUN Huanliang, FAN Xinghua. Heterogeneity in Anxiety Felt by Left-behind Children in Rural Areas: Based on Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2018, 34(3): 346-352.
[13] Hou Ke, Zhang Yunyun, Xiang Xiaoping, Ren Ping. Peer Group Socialization on Academic Achievement during Early Adolescence: Moderating Effects of Perceptions of School Climate [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2018, 34(3): 294-303.
[14] ZHANG Yunyun, NIU Lili, REN Ping, QIN Xingna. Effects of Peer status on Different Types of Aggression in Early Adolescence: Moderating Effects of Gender and Class Aggression Norms [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2018, 34(1): 38-48.
[15] SU Binyuan, ZHANG Jieting, YU Chengfu, ZHANG Wei. Identifying Psychological or Behavioral Problems of College Students: Based on Latent Profile Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(3): 350-359.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd