拒绝敏感性与青少年焦虑和抑郁的变化轨迹：特质正念的调节作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.05.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究通过问卷法对1260名高中生进行连续3次追踪施测，采用交叉滞后模型和潜变量增长模型考察了青少年拒绝敏感性与焦虑和抑郁的时序效应以及变量的发展轨迹及其关系，同时探究了特质正念在其间的调节作用。结果发现：(1)青少年拒绝敏感性能够显著预测其后续的焦虑和抑郁，抑郁也能够显著预测其后续的拒绝敏感性，T1的焦虑可以显著预测T2的拒绝敏感性；(2)青少年焦虑和抑郁呈线性增长趋势，拒绝敏感性保持相对稳定，三者的初始水平和发展速度均存在显著的个体差异；(3)拒绝敏感性的初始水平/发展速度分别与青少年焦虑和抑郁的初始水平/发展速度双向预测；(4)特质正念在拒绝敏感性对青少年焦虑和抑郁的初始水平和发展速度的预测作用间均起到保护作用，但反之不成立。研究结果揭示了在动态发展下，青少年拒绝敏感性与焦虑和抑郁的双向预测关系，而特质正念能够削弱拒绝敏感性预测焦虑和抑郁的动态关系，这为制定科学的预防及干预方案提供了方向，为呵护青少年心理健康发展提供了重要启示。

关键词: 拒绝敏感性, 焦虑, 抑郁, 特质正念, 潜变量增长模型

Abstract: This study employed a questionnaire method to survey 1260 high school students across three waves. Cross-lagged panel models and latent growth models were used to examine the temporal relationships between adolescent rejection sensitivity and anxiety/depression, as well as the developmental trajectories of these variables and their interrelations. The moderating role of dispositional mindfulness was also investigated. The results showed that: (1) Adolescent rejection sensitivity significantly predicted subsequent anxiety and depression, while depression also significantly predicted subsequent rejection sensitivity; anxiety at T1 significantly predicted rejection sensitivity at T2； (2) Adolescents’ anxiety and depression showed linear growth trends, while rejection sensitivity remained relatively stable; the initial levels and developmental rates of all three variables demonstrated significant individual differences； (3) The initial level/developmental rate of rejection sensitivity bidirectionally predicted the initial level/developmental rate of adolescent anxiety and depression, respectively； (4) Dispositional mindfulness played a protective role in the predictive effects of rejection sensitivity on both the initial levels and developmental rates of adolescent anxiety and depression, but this moderating effect was not significant in the reverse directions. The findings reveal bidirectional predictive relationships between adolescent rejection sensitivity and anxiety/depression within a dynamic developmental context, and demonstrate that dispositional mindfulness can weaken the dynamic relationship whereby rejection sensitivity predicts anxiety and depression. These results provide direction for developing scientific prevention and intervention strategies, offering important implications for safeguarding adolescent mental health development.

Key words: rejection sensitivity, anxiety, depression, dispositional mindfulness, latent growth modeling

中图分类号:

B844

余思, 王艺露, 范兴华, 谌俏, 莫淑雅, 郭晨, 徐慰. 拒绝敏感性与青少年焦虑和抑郁的变化轨迹：特质正念的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(5): 699-712.

YU Si, WANG Yilu, FAN Xinghua, CHEN Qiao, MO Shuya, GUO Chen, XU Wei. Developmental Trajectories of Rejection Sensitivity and Adolescent Anxiety and Depression: The Moderating Role of Dispositional Mindfulness[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(5): 699-712.

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