风险感知对青少年主动健康行为的影响机制

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.05.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为考察风险感知与青少年主动健康行为之间的关系机制，研究一采用问卷法，通过构建随机截距交叉滞后模型(RI-CLPM)检验无条件风险感知对主动健康行为的纵向预测作用；研究二通过实验法检验条件风险感知对主动健康行为意愿的即时影响以及其中的作用机制。结果表明：(1)个体间水平，无条件风险感知与主动健康行为相互负向预测；个体内水平，主动健康行为的变化显著负向预测无条件风险感知的变化；(2)相比于低条件风险感知的青少年，高条件风险感知者主动健康行为意愿更强，恐惧在其中起完全中介作用；(3)在高应对效能条件下，高条件风险感知的青少年其主动健康行为意愿更强。这些结果提示，通过合理利用具体的情境化风险信息提高青少年的风险感知水平，有助于促进其主动健康行为的养成。

关键词: 无条件风险感知, 条件风险感知, 主动健康行为, 恐惧, 应对效能

Abstract: To investigate the relationship between risk perception and adolescents’ proactive health behaviors, Study 1 employed a questionnaire method and constructed a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to explore the longitudinal predictive effect of unconditional risk perception on adolescents’ proactive health behaviors. Study 2 adopted an experimental approach to test the immediate impact of conditional risk perception on the intention to engage in proactive health behaviors, as well as the mediating role of fear and the moderating role of coping efficacy. The results indicated that: (1) At the between-person level, adolescents’ unconditional risk perception and proactive health behaviors negatively predicted each other; at the within-person level, changes in proactive health behaviors significantly and negatively predicted changes in unconditional risk perception; (2) Compared to adolescents with low conditional risk perception, those with high conditional risk perception exhibited stronger intentions to engage in proactive health behaviors, with fear playing a fully mediating role; (3) Under conditions of high coping efficacy, adolescents with high conditional risk perception demonstrated even stronger intentions to engage in proactive health behaviors. This study suggests that fostering healthy habits in adolescents should incorporate contextualized risk information to evoke moderate fear and focus on enhancing coping efficacy, thereby facilitating the translation of risk cognition into health behaviors.

Key words: unconditional risk perception, conditional risk perception, proactive health behavior, fear, coping efficacy

中图分类号:

B844

王玉龙, 王丹云, 曾丁宁, 蔺秀云. 风险感知对青少年主动健康行为的影响机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(5): 713-724.

WANG Yulong, WANG Danyun, ZENG Dingning, LIN Xiuyun. The Mechanism of Risk Perception Influencing Proactive Health Behaviors among Adolescents[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(5): 713-724.

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