青少年独处偏好与内化行为问题的关系：一个有调节的中介模型

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2024.03.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨青少年独处偏好与内化行为问题的关系及反刍思维和学段在其中的作用,本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型。采用自我报告方式对山东和上海地区三所学校的6年级至11年级共767名青少年进行测查。结果显示:(1)独处偏好可以正向预测内化行为问题;(2)反刍思维在独处偏好与内化行为问题之间起部分中介作用;(3)学段调节了独处偏好通过反刍思维影响内化行为问题中介作用的前半路径。相对于高中生,独处偏好更容易通过初中生的反刍思维影响内化行为问题。研究结果不仅可以从反刍思维与年龄关系的角度为独处偏好个体的内化行为问题提供解释,而且对改变个体认知和提高其适应能力具有实践启示意义。

关键词: 独处, 独处偏好, 内化行为问题, 反刍思维, 青少年

Abstract: The goal of the study was to explore the relations between preference for solitude, internalizing problems, and rumination, among adolescents in Shanghai and Shandong province. Participants were 767 adolescents from three schools in Shandong and Shanghai. Data were collected using the assessments of self-reports. Results indicated that: (1) Preference for solitude positively predicted adolescents’ internalizing problems; (2) Rumination partially mediated the relations between preference for solitude and internalizing problems; (3) Grade moderated the mediating path through rumination. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of preference for solitude, rumination, and grade for adolescents’ internalizing problems in Chinese culture.

Key words: solitude, preference for solitude, internalizing problems, rumination, adolescent

中图分类号:

B844

张玲, 阿尔升·海达别克, 陈飞, 周同, 丁雪辰. 青少年独处偏好与内化行为问题的关系：一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(3): 393-402.

ZHANG Ling, HAIDABIEKE Aersheng, CHEN Fei, ZHOU Tong, DING Xuechen. Relations between Preference for Solitude and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents: A Moderated-mediation Model[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(3): 393-402.

参考文献

Asher, S. R., Hymel, S., & Renshaw, P. D. (1984). Loneliness in children.Child Development, 55(4),1456-1464.
Barstead, M. G., Smith, K. A., Laursen, B., Booth-LaForce, C., King, S., & Rubin, K. H. (2018). Shyness, preference for solitude, and adolescent internalizing: The roles of maternal, paternal, and best-friend support.Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(2), 488-504.
Burger, J. M. (1995). Individual differences in preference for solitude.Journal of Research in Personality, 29(1), 85-108.
Chen, X., & French, D. C. (2008). Children’s social competence in cultural context.Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 591-616.
Collins, W. A., & Steinberg, L. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal context. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.),Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4, Socioemotional processes (pp. 1003-1067). New York: Wiley.
Compas, B. E. (1987). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence.Psychological Bulletin, 101(3), 393-403.
Coplan, R. J., & Bowker, J. C. (2014).The handbook of solitude: Psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
Coplan, R. J., & Weeks, M. (2010). Unsociability in middle childhood: Conceptualization, assessment, and associations with socio-emotional functioning.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 56(2), 105-130.
Coplan, R. J., Bowker, J. C., & Nelson, L. J. (2021).Alone Again:Revisiting Psychological Perspectives on Solitude. In R. J. Coplan, J. C. Bowker, & L. J. Nelson (Eds.), The Handbook of Solitude(pp. 3-15).New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
Coplan, R. J., Rose-Krasnor, L., Weeks, M., Kingsbury, A., Kingsbury, M., & Bullock, A. (2013). Alone is a crowd: Social motivations, social withdrawal, and socioemotional functioning in later childhood.Developmental Psychology, 49, 861-875.
Coplan, R.J., Girardi, A., Findlay, L.C., & Frohlick, S.L. (2007). Understanding solitude: Young children’s attitudes and responses toward hypothetical socially withdrawn peers. Social Development, 16(3), 390-409.
Daly, O., & Willoughby, T. (2020). A Longitudinal person-centered examination of affinity for aloneness among children and adolescents.Child Development, 91(6), 2001-2018.
Danneel, S., Maes, M., Vanhalst, J., Bijttebier, P., & Goossens, L. (2017). Developmental change in loneliness and attitudes toward aloneness in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(1), 148-161.
Demetriou, A. (2000). Organization and development of self-understanding and self-regulation: Toward a general theory. In Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 209-251). Academic Press.
Ding, X., Chen, X., Fu, R., Li, D., & Liu, J. (2020). Relations of shyness and unsociability with adjustment in migrant and non-migrant children in urban China. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48, 289-300.
Ding, X., Coplan, R. J., Deng, X., Ooi, L. L., Li, D., & Sang, B. (2019). Sad, scared, or rejected? A short-term longitudinal study of the predictors of social avoidance in Chinese children.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(7), 1265-1276.
Ding, X., Zhang, W., Ooi, L. L., Coplan, R. J., Zhang, S., & Dong, Q. (2022). Longitudinal relations between social avoidance, academic achievement, and adjustment in Chinese children.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 79, 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101385
Doey, L., Coplan, R. J., & Kingsbury, M. (2014). Bashful boys and coy girls: A review of gender differences in childhood shyness.Sex Roles, 70, 255-266.
Freeman, M., Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1986). Adolescence and its recollection: Toward an interpretive model of development.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 32, 167-185.
Fritz, H. L. (1999). Rumination and adjustment to a first coronary event.Psychosomatic Medicine, 61(1), 105.
Goossens, L. (2014).Affinity for aloneness in adolescence and preference for solitude in childhood: Linking two research traditions. In R. J. Coplan & J. C. Bowker (Eds.), The handbook of solitude: Psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone (pp.150-166). New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
Greenfield, P. M., Suzuki, L. K., & Rothstein-Fisch, C. (2006).Cultural pathways through human development. In K. A. Renninger & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4.Child psychology in practice (pp. 655-699). New York: Wiley.
Hombrados-Mendieta, I., García-Mart ín, M. A., & Gómez-Jacinto, L. (2013).The relationship between social support, loneliness, and subjective well-being in a Spanish sample from a multidimensional perspective. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1013-1034.
Kashefinishabouri, J., Eftekhar-Saadi, Z., Pasha, R., Heidar, A., & Makvandi, B. (2021). The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-regulation training on rumination and social anxiety in teenagers prone to addiction. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology, 10 (1), 1-11.
Klein, A., & Moosbrugger, H. (2000). Maximum likelihood estimation of latent interaction effects with the LMS method. Psychometrika, 65, 457-474.
Kopp, C. B. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective.Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 199-214.
La Greca, A. M., & Stone, W. L. (1993). Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 17-27.
Larson, R. W. (1997). The emergence of solitude as a constructive domain of experience in earlyadolescence. Child Development, 68(1), 80-93.
Lay, J. C., Pauly, T., Graf, P., Biesanz, J. C., & Hoppmann, C. A. (2019). By myself and liking it? Predictors of distinct types of solitude experiences in daily life. Journal of Personality, 87(3), 633-647.
Lian, S. L., Sun, X. J., Liu, Q. Q., Chu, X. W., Zhou, Z. K., & Lei, Y. J. (2021). When the capacity to be alone is associated with psychological distress among Chinese adolescents: Individuals with low mindfulness or high rumination may suffer more by their capacity to be alone. Current Psychology, 42(6),5110-5122.
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits.Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151-173.
Liu, J., Chen, X., Coplan, R. J., Ding, X., Zarbatany, L., & Ellis, W. (2015). Shyness and unsociability and their relations with adjustment in chinese and Canadian children.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(3), 371-386.
Liu, J., Coplan, R. J., Ooi, L. L., Chen, X., & Li, D. (2015). Examining the implications of social anxiety in a community sample of mainland Chinese children.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(10), 979-993.
Liu, Q. Q., Yang, X. J., Zhu, X. W., & Zhang, D. J. (2019).Attachment anxiety, loneliness, rumination and mobile phone dependence: A cross-sectional analysis of a moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 40, 5134-5144.
Lo, B. C. Y., Lau, S., Cheung, S. H., & Allen, N. B. (2012). The impact of rumination on internal attention switching. Cognition and Emotion, 26(2), 209-223.
Long, C. R., & Averill, J. R. (2003). Solitude: An exploration of benefits of being alone.Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(1), 21-44.
Marcoen, A., & Goossens, L. (1993).Loneliness, attitude towards loneliness and solitude: Age differences and developmental significance during adolescence. In S. Jackson & H. Rodriguez-Tomé (Eds.), Adolescence and its social worlds (pp. 197-227). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Maslowsky, J., Jager, J., & Hemken, D. (2015). Estimating and interpreting latent variable interactions: A tutorial for applying the latent moderated structural equations method.International Journal of Behavioral Development, 39, 87-96.
McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 186-193.
Muthén, B., & Asparouhov, T. (2012). Latent variable interactions. Unpublished manuscript. Retrieved from http://statmodel2.com/download/Latent%20variable %20interactions.pdf
Nguyen, T. V., Weinstein, N., & Deci, E. (2022). Alone with our thoughts: Investigation of autonomy supportive framing as a driver of enjoyment during quiet time in solitude.Collabra: Psychology, 8(1), 31629. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.31629
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569-582.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination.Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424.
Ottenbreit, N. D., Dobson, K. S., & Quigley, L. (2014).An examination of avoidance in major depression in comparison to social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 56, 82-90.
Qualter, P., Brown, S. L., Munn, P., & Rotenberg, K. J. (2010). Childhood loneliness as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms: an 8-year longitudinal study.European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(6), 493-501.
Rabea, L. L., & Julian, S. (2021). Rumination in children with social anxiety disorder: Effects of cognitive distraction and relation to social stress processing.Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(11), 1447-1459.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
Ren, L., Han, X., Li, D., Hu, F., & Liu, J. (2020). The association between loneliness and depression among Chinese college students: Affinity for aloneness and gender as moderators.European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(3), 382-395.
Robinson, M. S.,＆ Alloy, L. B. (2003). Negative cognitive styles and stress-reactive rumination interact to predict depression: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 275-291.
Rubin, K. H., Coplan, R. J., & Bowker, J. C. (2009). Social withdrawal in childhood.Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 141-171.
Sang, B., Ding, X., Coplan, R. J., Liu, J., Pan, T., & Feng, X. (2018). Assessment and implications of social avoidance in Chinese early adolescents.Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(4), 554-573.
Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model ofpersonality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 284-304.
Wang, J. M. (2016). Preference-for-solitude and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 100, 151-156.
Wang, J. M., Rubin, K. H., Laursen, B., Booth-LaForce, C., & Rose-Krasnor, L. (2013). Preference-for-solitude and adjustment difficulties in early and late adolescence.Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42, 834-842.
Weist, M. D., Eber, L., Horner, R., Splett, J., Putnam, R., Barrett, S., … Hoover, S. (2018). Improving multitiered systems of support for students with “internalizing” emotional/behavioral problems.Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 20(3), 172-184.
Zhao, J. J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. H. (2013). The role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between shyness and loneliness.Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 577-581.
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Skinner, E. A. (2011). The development of coping across childhood and adolescence: An integrative review and critique of research. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(1), 1-17.
陈晓, 宋欢庆, 黄昕. (2012). 中文版《独处偏好量表》的信效度检验. 中国健康心理学杂志, 20(2), 307-310.
崔丽霞, 史光远, 张玉静, 于园. (2012). 青少年抑郁综合认知模型及其性别差异. 心理学报, 44(11), 1501-1514.
丁雪辰, 施霄霞, 刘俊升. (2012). 学业成绩与内化行为问题的预测关系:一年的追踪研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 20(5), 697-701.
丁雪辰, 张田, 邓欣媚, 桑标, 方力, 程琛. (2015). “孤芳自赏” 还是 “茕茕孑立”:儿童社交淡漠适应功能的文化差异. 心理科学进展, 23(3), 439-447.
丁雪辰, 周同, 张润竹, 周楠. (2019). 儿童社交回避行为:成因,测量及适应功能. 心理科学, 42, 604-611.
范志光, 王喜臣. (2021). 生活事件、反刍思维与听力障碍大学生的抑郁:追踪研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 29(2), 347-351.
李大林, 黄梅, 陈维, 吴文峰. (2019) .生活事件对初中生抑郁的影响:自尊和反刍思维的链式中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 35(3), 352-359.
刘俊升, 周颖, 李丹, 陈欣银. (2015). 儿童中期和青春期早期独处偏好与心理适应之关系:有调节的中介效应. 心理学报, 47(8), 1004-1012.
吴艳, 温忠麟.(2011).结构方程建模中的题目打包策略.心理科学进展, 19(12), 1859-1867.
向燕辉, 袁蓉, 赵佳旭. (2021). 儿童期虐待与成年后孤独感的关系:反刍思维与核心自我评价的中介作用. 心理科学, 44(1),191-198.
徐慧, 赵富才. (2021). 反刍思维与社交焦虑的关系:来自元分析的证据. 心理技术与应用, 9(5), 270-282.
游锦云, 李思贤, 李兰,陈玉佩.(2008).儿童内化行为问题测量工具的建立及其信效度研究[摘要].见全国教育与心理统计与测量学术年会暨第八届海峡两岸心理与教育测验学术研讨会论文摘要集(p.93).中国教育会教育统计与测量分会.
原琳, 彭明, 黄俊红, 周仁来. (2010). 沉浸-反思问卷在中国大学生中的应用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 18(6), 701-703+690.
张丛丽, 周宗奎. (2018). 被动性社交网站使用、社交焦虑、反刍思维与青少年抑郁的关系:有调节的中介效应分析. 中国临床心理学杂志, 26(3), 490-493.
周丹青, 王翠艳, 潘日余. (2021). 留守儿童独处偏好与学校适应的关系:同伴依恋的中介作用. 心理研究, 14(2), 184-190.
周颖, 刘俊升.(2016).儿童中期独处偏好与抑郁的关系:友谊质量的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志, 24 (3),491- 494

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	黄垣成, 袁湫嵋, 辛婷, 李彩娜. 青少年早期学业成就对主观幸福感的影响：自尊和流动性的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(3): 384-392.
[2]	王玉龙, 赵婧斐, 蔺秀云. 家庭风险因素对青少年自伤的累积效应及其性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 240-247.
[3]	王艳辉, 沈梓锋, 赖雪芬. 父母心理控制与青少年外化问题行为的关系：意志控制和越轨同伴交往的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 248-256.
[4]	肖嘉林, 梁凯欣, 黄柳玥, 王恩娜, 黄巧敏, 何韵涵, 卢宝琳, 迟新丽. 积极发展资源在减少青少年抑郁水平中的累积效应、关系模式及特定资源的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 257-269.
[5]	秦瑶, 彭运石. 父母教养方式对初中生社交焦虑的影响：同伴接纳和反刍思维的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 103-113.
[6]	魏华, 丁慧敏, 陈武, 郝兴风, 熊婕. 父母低头行为与青少年网络欺负的关系：压力的中介作用与年龄的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 114-121.
[7]	邹盛奇, 伍新春. 父母冲突与青少年同伴依恋的关系:亲子依恋的中介作用及性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 798-807.
[8]	彭海云, 盛靓, 邱凡硕, 周姿言, 辛素飞. 青少年心理减负从“无聊”开始——无聊倾向对青少年主观幸福感的影响机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 895-902.
[9]	刘庆, 冯兰. 父母婚姻质量和青少年同胞关系:教养方式的中介作用及其性别差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 654-662.
[10]	刘思含, 伍新春, 王歆逸. 父母教养方式的潜在类别及其与青少年学习投入和焦虑症状的关系[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 673-682.
[11]	沙晶莹, 张向葵, 刘千冬. 人以群分？学业动机比较对青少年同伴选择的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 683-690.
[12]	辛素飞, 王金睿, 彭海云, 徐柳青, 张一林, 盛靓. 负性生活事件对青少年焦虑的影响:基于认知行为疗法的视角[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 710-717.
[13]	张雯, 王振宏. 负性生活事件与青少年内化问题的关系:社会支持的中介作用和亲子亲和的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 718-725.
[14]	洪新伟, 苗灵童, 范航, 宋明华, 朱婷婷, 刘燊, 张林. 父母婚姻冲突与青少年攻击行为的关系:情绪安全感和学校联结的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 726-734.
[15]	王玉龙, 苏慧娟, 蔺秀云. 青少年自伤的分类:基于潜在剖面分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 735-742.