7~9岁儿童对群体内成员间互相帮助的道德责任探究

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.02.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以往研究对儿童持有的群体内成员间的道德责任进行了探讨,但仅局限于伤害这一消极交互行为上。然而,社会交互还包括积极的交互行为,如帮助,故本研究对7~9岁儿童是否持有群体内成员间应互相帮助的道德责任进行探讨。通过比较外在规则存在与否,被试对群体成员间互相伤害或互不帮助行为的合适度评价是否发生变化,来推测群体内道德责任的存在性。若相较群体间条件,外在规则不存在时被试认为对群体内成员的伤害或不帮助行为更不合适,则说明被试认为群体内成员间应持有相应的道德责任。结果发现:(1)相较于群体间条件,7~9岁儿童认为外在规则存在与否对群体内互不帮助行为合适性的评价影响更小,即外在规则不存在时,儿童依然认为群体内成员间应互相帮助;(2)针对群体内的不帮助行为,13~15岁青少年也表现出与7~9岁儿童相同的结果模式。结果表明,7~9岁儿童认为群体内成员间存在互相帮助的道德责任,且该现象具有跨年龄(至少是13~15岁的青少年)一致性。

关键词: 社会分类, 社会群体, 互相帮助, 道德责任

Abstract: The social groups play a vital role in organizing our social experiences. It has been suggestedthe foundational role of social groups is to mark people as intrinsically obligated to one another (i.e., moral obligation). About this moral obligation, previous studies mainly focused on the interactive behavior with negative effects (i.e., harming), while the social interaction could be also positive (i.e., helping). Hence, the current study was aimed to explore whether children aged 7~9 years old would view people as morally obligated to help persons belonging to their own group. To examine the belief of moral obligation toward group members, we examined judgments about whether the wrongness of violations of obligations depends on the presence of explicit rules. Using this method, when children maintain that an action (e.g., do not help someone or harm someone) is unacceptable, even if there are no explicit rules in the agent’s environment prohibiting the action (e.g., no rules against unhelping), it suggests that they view the action as an intrinsically moral obligation. As to the current settings, comparing with between-group unhelping condition, if children still believe that the harming or unhelping behavior within within-group members is more unacceptable when explicit rules do not exist, it would indicate that children hold the corresponding moral obligation for ingroup members. The results found that: (1) The difference of rated scores of acceptability between whether the explicit rule information was present or not in the between-group unhelping condition was significantly higher than that in the within-group unhelping condition; (2) Teenagers aged 13~15 years old also showed the same evaluation differences about unhelping behaviors between within-group and between-group conditions, as 7~9 years old children reported. The above results indicate that the explicit rule has a greater impact on the acceptability about mutually unhelping behaviors when two interactive persons are from the same social group than when two interactive persons are from the different social groups. Hence, children aged 7~9 years old view social groups as marking patterns of intrinsic moral obligations that the ingroup members should help each other, and this belief maintains across ages (at least 13~15-years old).

Key words: social classification, social group, mutual help, moral obligation

中图分类号:

B844

何晓燕, 花蕊, 段继鹏, 罗润锋, 尹军. 7~9岁儿童对群体内成员间互相帮助的道德责任探究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(2): 173-183.

HE Xiaoyan, HUA Rui, DUAN Jipeng, LUO Runfeng, YIN Jun. The Moral Obligation of Helping Each Other within Social Groups at Children Aged 7~9[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 173-183.

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