中小学教师情绪劳动与职业倦怠的纵向联系:情绪弹性和师生关系的链式中介作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.03.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入探讨中小学教师情绪劳动(表层行为、深层行为和自然行为)、情绪弹性、师生关系与职业倦怠之间的纵向联系及内在作用机制,采用整群抽样在我国六省市十一所学校选取829名中小学教师,使用问卷调查的研究方法对其进行为期六个月的追踪研究。结果表明:(1)在表层行为与职业倦怠间,情绪弹性起纵向中介作用,并通过师生关系起链式中介作用;在深层行为与职业倦怠间,仅师生关系起纵向中介作用;在自然行为与职业倦怠间,情绪弹性、师生关系分别起纵向独立中介作用及链式中介作用,且独立中介效应量无显著差异;(2)不同发展阶段教师在纵向中介模型中“T1深层行为→T2职业倦怠”和“T1自然行为→T2职业倦怠”路径上存在显著差异。研究结果为有效缓解教师职业倦怠提供有力证据与重要实践启示。

关键词: 情绪劳动, 职业倦怠, 情绪弹性, 师生关系, 中小学教师

Abstract: In order to further explore the longitudinal associations and the internal mechanism between the primary and secondary school teachers’ emotional labor (surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions), emotional resilience, teacher-student relationship, and job burnout, a total of 829 primary and secondary school teachers were selected in eleven schools in six provinces and cities of China using whole cluster sampling and followed up for six months using a questionnaire research method. Results showed that: (1) Between surface acting and job burnout, emotional resilience played a longitudinal mediating role and a chain mediating role through teacher-student relationship. Between deep acting and job burnout, only teacher-student relationship played a longitudinal mediating role. Between expression of naturally felt emotions and job burnout, emotional resilience and teacher-student relationship played a longitudinal independent mediating role and a chain mediating role, respectively, and there were no significant differences in the independent mediator effect sizes; (2) Teachers at different developmental stages differed significantly in the “T1 deep acting → T2 job burnout” and “T1 expression of naturally felt emotions → T2 job burnout” paths of the longitudinal mediation model. These findings provide strong evidence and important practical insights for effectively alleviating teachers’ job burnout.

Key words: emotional labor, job burnout, emotional resilience, teacher-student relationship, primary and secondary school teachers

中图分类号:

B844

胡莹莹, 杨一鸣, 王文静. 中小学教师情绪劳动与职业倦怠的纵向联系:情绪弹性和师生关系的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(3): 357-367.

HU Yingying, YANG Yiming, WANG Wenjing. Longitudinal Associations between Emotional Labor and Job Burnout in Primary and Secondary School Teachers: The Chain Mediating Role of Emotional Resilience and Teacher-student Relationship[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(3): 357-367.

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