不同词长中文句子阅读知觉广度的年老化:眼动证据

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2019.03.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用移动窗口范式分别探测单字词句、双字词句和混合句子阅读知觉广度的年老化模式。单字词句是完全由单字词组成的句子，双字词句是完全由双字词组成的句子，混合句的所有词由1~4个汉字组成，这些词汇的平均词长为1.5个字。结果发现：（1）老年读者在各种词长句子上的阅读知觉广度范围均是从注视字至其右侧2个汉字；（2）青年读者在各种词长句子上的阅读知觉广度为注视点左侧1个汉字到右侧3个汉字空间。由此可见，年老化促使中文读者的阅读知觉广度变小，变得更加不对称；且句子构成词汇的词长并不调节中文阅读知觉广度的年老化。

关键词: 词长, 老年, 青年, 阅读知觉广度, 眼动

Abstract: The moving window paradigm was used to explore the aging patterns of perceptual span of three types of sentences——1-character-word sentence(consisted entirely by single-character word), 2-character-word sentence(consisted entirely by two-character word) and mixed sentences(the average word length was 1.5 characters). The results were as follows:(1) The perceptual span of older adults in Chinese reading was extended from fixated character to two characters to its right on all kinds of sentences; (2) The younger adults' perceptual span was extended from one character to left and three characters to right in all conditions, which was larger than older adults'. This study revealed that aging would result in Chinese readers' perceptual span being smaller and more asymmetric, and the word length of sentence did not modulate the aging pattern of perceptual span in Chinese.

Key words: word length, older adults, younger adults, perceptual span, eye movement

中图分类号:

G442

张骏, 仝文, 刘志方. 不同词长中文句子阅读知觉广度的年老化:眼动证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(3): 312-319.

ZHANG Jun, TONG Wen, LIU Zhifang. The Aging of Perceptual Span in Different Word Length Sentences: Evidences from Eye Movement[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2019, 35(3): 312-319.

参考文献

Bai, X., Yan, G., Zang, C., Liversedge, S. P., & Rayner, K. (2008). Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text:Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance, 34(5), 1277-1287.
Bates, D., Mäechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Statistics & Computing, arxiv:1406(1), 133-199.
Choi, W., Lowder, M. W., Ferreira, F., & Henderson, J. M. (2015). Individual differences in the perceptual span during reading:Evidence from the moving window technique. Attention Perception & Psychophyics, 77(7), 2463-2475.
Hoosain, R. (1991). Psycholinguistic implications for linguistic relativity:A case study of Chinese. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 8(2), 157-161.
Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (1990). Effects of foveal processing difficulty on the perceptual span in reading:Implications for attention and eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 16(3), 417-429.
Inhoff, A. W., & Liu. W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 24(1), 20-34.
Inhoff, A. W., & Wu, C. (2005). Eye movements and the identification of spatially ambiguous words during Chinese sentence reading. Memory & Cognition, 33(8), 1345-1356.
Kliegl, R., Grabner, E., Rolfs, M., & Engbert, R. (2004). Length, frequency, and predictability effects of words on eye movement in reading. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16(1-2), 262-284.
Kliegl, R., Richter, E. M. (2010). A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming. Visual Cognition, 18(5), 655-681.
Kemper, S., Crow, A., & Kemtes, K. (2004). Eye fixation patterns of high and low span young and older adults:Down the garden path and back again. Psychology and Aging, 19(1), 157-170.
Kemper, S., & McDowd, J. (2006). Eye movements of young and older adults while reading with distraction. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 32-39.
Kemper, S., & Liu, C. J. (2007). Eye movements of young and older adults during reading. Psychology and Aging, 22(1), 84-94.
Laubrock, J., Kliegl, R., & Engbert, R. (2006). SWIFT exlorations of age differences in eye movements during reading. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30(6), 872-884.
Li, X., & Logan. G. D. (2008). Object-based attention in Chinese readers of Chinese words beyound gestalt principles. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(5), 945-949.
Li, X., Rayner. K., & Cave. K. R. (2009). On the segmentation of Chinese words during reading. Cognitive Psychology, 58(4), 525-552.
McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1975). The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading. Perception & Psychophysics, 17(6), 578-586.
Pan, J., Yan, M., & Laubrock, J. (2017). Perceptual span in oral reading:The case of Chinese. Scientific Studies of Reading, 21(21), 1-10.
Rayner, K., & Bertera, J. H. (1979). Reading without a fovea. Science, 206(4417), 468-469.
Rayner, K., Reichle, E. D., Stroud, M. J., Williams, C. C., & Pollatsek, A. (2006). The effect of word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty on eye movements of young and older readers. Psychology and Aging, 21(3), 448-465.
Rayner, K., Castelhano, M. S., & Yang, J. M. (2009). Movements and the perceptual span in older and younger readers. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 755-760.
Rayner, K., Castelhano, M.S., & Yang, J.M.(2010). Preview benefit during eye fixations in reading for older and yonnger readers. Psychology and Agihy,25(3),714-718.
Risse, S., & Kliegl, R. (2011). Adult age differences in the perceptual span during reading. Psychology and Aging, 26(2), 451-460.
Shu, H., Zhou, W., Yan, M., & Kliegl, R. (2011). Font size modulates saccade-target selection in Chinese reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73(2), 482-490.
Whitford, V., & Titone. D. (2016). Eye movements and the perceptual span during first-and second-language sentence reading in bilingual older adults. Psychology and Aging, 31(1), 58-70.
Yan, M., Kliegl, R., Richter, E. M., Nuthmann, A., & Shu, H. (2010). Flexible saccade-target selection in chinese reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(4), 705-725.
Yan, M., Zhou, W., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2015). Perceptual span depends on font size during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 41(1), 209-219.
Zang, C., Meng, H., Liang, F., Bai, X., & Yan, G. (2013). Is there a vertical component to saccade targeting in Chinese reading? Journal of Research in Reading, 36(Supplement S1), S78-S93.
伏干, 闫国利. (2008). 高中二年级学生双字词阅读知觉广度的眼动研究. 心理与行为研究, 6(4), 285-290.
郭惠兰,宋子明,张煜婧,闫国利. (2017). 新闻广播背景音对大学生阅读效率影响的眼动研究. 心理研究, 10(4), 15-21.
刘志方, 闫国利, 张智君, 潘运, 杨桂芳. (2013). 中文阅读中的预视效应与词切分. 心理学报, 45(6), 614-625.
仝文, 刘妮娜, 伏干, 闫国利. (2014). 中文单字词句的阅读知觉广度. 心理与行为研究, 12(3), 298-303.
王丽红, 白学军, 闫国利. (2014). 汉语阅读知觉广度的老化:一项眼动研究. 心理与行为研究, 12(6), 763-768.
闫国利, 白学军. (2007). 汉语阅读的眼动研究. 心理与行为研究, 5(3), 229-234.
闫国利, 巫金根, 臧传丽, 白学军. (2010). 阅读知觉广度眼动研究述评.心理学探新, 30(2), 23-28.
张兰兰, 闫国利, 王丽红.(2011). 老年人汉语阅读中预视效益的眼动研究.应用心理学, 17(4), 318-324.
张智君, 刘志方, 赵亚军, 季靖. (2012). 汉语阅读过程中词切分的位置:一项基于眼动随动显示技术的研究. 心理学报, 44(1), 51-62.

相关文章 15

[1]	余林伟, 李爽, 刘燊, 潘文沛, 徐强, 张林. 老年人模糊表情识别的积极效应及其机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 196-206.
[2]	王敬欣, 赵赛男, 徐倩倩. 字间空格与词频对青年人和老年人阅读的影响:眼动研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 781-787.
[3]	高子惠, 焦雨, 王曦, 刘肖岑. 电子绘本文字的动静态呈现方式对幼儿阅读体验和学习效果的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 817-824.
[4]	张弘弛, 毛伟宾, 崔慧园, 安姝, 李庆元. 价值对老年人项目记忆和联结记忆的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(5): 625-634.
[5]	林瑶, 张宝山, 徐冉, 张何雅婷. 老年人睡眠质量与家人沟通质量的关系及其影响机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(2): 200-209.
[6]	刘钰, 苏彦捷, 曹春梅, 丁宇, 樊煜. 社区老年人执行功能和加工速度与运动能力的关系[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(6): 769-777.
[7]	黄潇潇, 张宝山, 俞国良. 日常小团体多样性与老年人身体症状的关系：团体积极情绪的中介作用和心理压力感的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(5): 729-738.
[8]	郭滢, 肖红蕊, 龚先旻, 王大华. 情绪影响错误记忆认知机制的年龄差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(1): 17-25.
[9]	唐丹, 乔欣, 邓雨萌. 鳏与寡对老年人抑郁水平的影响:社会网络的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(6): 889-896.
[10]	于晓, 张涵, 陈英和, 戚玥, 刘爱芳, 刘丽丽. 类比推理的眼动研究:揭示个体类比推理策略发展的有效手段[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(6): 897-903.
[11]	刘聪慧, 董妍, 王鸿飞, 张登浩. 农村老年人的社会排斥体验与健康状况:有调节的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(5): 752-760.
[12]	施芳婷, 郑晨烨, 颜秀琳, 陆露, 王静梅, 邸波, 卢英俊. 5~6岁幼儿对不同文化背景卡通面孔再认的眼动研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(3): 323-334.
[13]	马安然, 王燕青, 王福兴, 周治金. 教学微视频的播放速度对学习效果的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(3): 391-399.
[14]	林之萱, 杨莹, 寇彧. 老年人的元刻板印象及其对社会互动的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(6): 686-693.
[15]	辛素飞, 岳阳明, 辛自强. 1996至2016年中国老年人心理健康变迁的横断历史研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(6): 753-761.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed