不同任务情境中5~6岁儿童卡通面孔加工的眼动研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以卡通面孔图片为刺激材料,赋予5~6岁儿童三种不同的加工任务,包括卡通面孔识别、分类和吸引力评价,旨在比较其在不同任务情境中的眼动差异。结果表明:(1)任务情境会影响儿童对卡通面孔的加工。在不同的面孔加工任务中,儿童的反应时、正确率、注视时间和次数等存在差异;(2)随着三种任务难度的逐渐加大,儿童的加工程度也相应地加深;(3)儿童在三种任务中的加工方式一致,对面部不同部位的关注程度不同:加工初期特别关注鼻子,而后眼睛部位耗费最多的注意资源,其次是鼻子、嘴巴、前额和脸颊,极少关注下巴;(4)男女童在卡通面孔分类任务中表现出较显著的性别差异,女童具有速度方面的优势,而男童对于关键信息的搜索则更为积极主动。

关键词: 儿童, 卡通面孔, 任务情境, 面孔加工, 眼动

Abstract: In this research, with cartoon pictures as stimuli, the authors tried to compare the difference of eye-movement in different tasks by giving three different processing tasks including cartoon face recognition, classification and attractiveness evaluation in 5-6-year-old children. The research results showed that: (1) the task situation affected the cartoon face processing of children. The reaction time, accuracy, fixation time and frequency varied when children were performing different face processing tasks; (2) the processing degree of children increased according to the three tasks with increasing degrees of difficulty; (3) the processing modes of children were consistent in the three tasks, and different parts of the cartoon face got different amount of attention from children. In the beginning, attention was first paid to the nose, and then most attention went to the eyes, next were the nose, the mouth, the forehead and the cheeks, while the chin was rarely noted; (4) a significant difference in gender was shown in the cartoon face classification task between boys and girls - girls had an advantage over boys in processing speed, while boys were more active in searching for key information.

Key words: children, cartoon face, task situation, face processing, eye-movement

中图分类号:

B844.1

赵倩, 王静梅, 徐侃鸿, 卢英俊. 不同任务情境中5~6岁儿童卡通面孔加工的眼动研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(5): 457-465.

ZHAO Qian, WANG Jing-mei, XU Kan-hong, LU Ying-jun. An Eye-movement Research on Cartoon Face Processing of 5-6-year-old Children in Different Task Situations[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2013, 29(5): 457-465.

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