动画呈现速度对多媒体学习效果影响的眼动研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多媒体学习过程中,动画学习材料的呈现速度是影响学习效果的一个重要因素。基于认知负荷理论,已有研究对动画速度是否影响多媒体学习中的注意转换和学习效果存在不一致的结论。研究采用闪电形成原理动画作为实验材料,操纵慢速、正常速度和快速三个速度水平,利用Eyelink 1000眼动仪记录学习过程中的眼睛注视,探讨多媒体学习中动画呈现速度对学习效果和注意转换的影响。结果发现,在记忆测验的成绩上,慢速水平的迁移测验成绩要好于正常速度和快速;慢速在注视次数、眼跳次数、任务相关区停留时间和进出兴趣区次数这些总体眼动指标上比其他两组显著要高,但是对相关指标按时间进行加权后发现,只在兴趣区停留时间上慢速和快速长于正常速度。结论认为多媒体学习过程中,动画呈现速度会影响学习的理解效果,但是对识记不产生影响;材料呈现速度影响知识深层次加工,它独立于学习者的注意转换。并且材料呈现速度对学习者眼动的影响是微弱的。

关键词: 多媒体学习, 动画, 呈现速度, 眼动, 任务相关区

Abstract: As an important part of the multimedia and cognitive load, the presentation speed of the animation is one of vital factors to influence the learning performance. Some previous studies found that speed can improve multimedia learning outcomes, the other found it hinder learning outcomes. In this study, memory test and eye tracking technique were used to investigate how presentation speed affects learning performance and attention shifting during multimedia learning. In this study, low, normal and high speed animations were manipulated. An animation of formation of lighting from Moreno & Mayer(1999) was constructed as multimedia learning material. EyeLink 1000 was used to record eye movement data. It was found that the scores of transfer test in low speed condition were higher than normal and high speed. The whole eye movement data showed that the low speed was more than the other two speed in the fixation count, fixation saccades, the dwell time in task-relevant area and the run count of task-relevant area. But after the length of time in control, the low speed and high speed were only longer than normal speed in the the dwell time in task-relevant area. In conclusion, the presentation speed can affect the multimedia learning performance. It suggests that low speed can aid learner's understanding but not memorizing. Furthermore, the present speed is independent of the learner's attention shifting to affect his understanding, and the present speed's effect on eye movement is very weak.

Key words: multimedia learning, animation, presentation speed, eye movement, task relevant area

中图分类号:

G441

段朝辉, 颜志强, 王福兴, 周宗奎. 动画呈现速度对多媒体学习效果影响的眼动研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(1): 46-53.

DUAN Zhao-hui, YAN Zhi-qiang, WANG Fu-xing, ZHOU Zong-kui. The Effect of Animation’s Presentation Speed on Multimedia Learning：An Eye Movement Study[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2013, 29(1): 46-53.

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