婴儿期母亲将心比心对儿童5岁共情的预测:母亲陪伴总时间的调节作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2019.02.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 使用追踪设计，以68对母婴为被试，探讨母亲养育质量、陪伴时间影响儿童共情发展的机制。在婴儿期（9、14个月）评估母亲将心比心并调查母亲每周陪伴婴儿的总时间与母亲参与的互动时间；在儿童5岁时，采用“陌生人假装受伤情境”范式测查儿童共情。结果发现：（1）婴儿期母亲恰当的心理相关评论能够正向预测5岁时儿童的行为共情，而对情绪共情与认知共情的预测则受到婴儿期母亲陪伴总时间的调节：母亲恰当的心理相关评论能够显著正向预测陪伴总时间短的儿童的情绪共情与母亲陪伴总时间长的儿童的认知共情；（2）婴儿期母亲不协同的心理相关评论能够显著正向预测儿童5岁时的认知共情；（3）婴儿期母亲陪伴总时间能够显著正向预测5岁时儿童的情绪共情。

关键词: 婴儿, 将心比心, 母亲陪伴总时间, 共情, 调节作用

Abstract: Empathy, as the link of interpersonal emotional connections, is not only an important predictor of moral development, also predict pro-social behavior and moral behavior. And empathy is the core of social relationships, which acts as the foundation of social life. Researchers have found that culture, gender and social situation are the important factors affecting empathy. And more and more researchers examine how early parenting quality and mother-child interaction experience influence on children's empathy, though most of which only had relatively short time-interval and only focused on preschool children. In addition, the notion whether child's developmental outcomes will depend on mother's investment time has been debated for long time in developmental scientists. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to examine how early maternal mind-mindedness and mother's time affect child empathy-emotion/cognitive/behavior outcomes; The second aim focused on whether mother's time moderate relationship between maternal mind-mindedness in early years and child empathy.
A total of 68 families and their children were involved in this study. We collected data of maternal mind-mindedness at the age of 9 months and 14 months. Mother's total time and engaged time was surveyed at the same age by questionnaires. Families were invited to our laboratory when child was 5 years old. The stranger injury situation observation was addressed to test children's empathy. The findings are as follow:(1) Early maternal mind-mindedness (9 and 14 months) was predictor of children's empathy. Specifically, mother's appropriate interpretation of children's mental states was positively correlated with children's empathy behavior; mother's non-attuned interpretation of children's mental states was positively correlated with children's empathy cognition. However, maternal mind-mindedness in infancy (9 and 14 months) could not impact children's empathy emotion in this study. (2) Early mother's total time was predictor of children's empathy emotion, however, there is no relationship between early mother's engaged time and children's empathy. (3) Early mother's total time did moderate the relationship between maternal mind-mindedness and child empathy. Specifically, for child whose mother spent less time with him/her, mother's appropriate interpretation of children's mental states was positively associated with children's empathy emotion; for children whose mother spent more time with him/her, mother's appropriate interpretation of children's mental states was positively associated with children's empathy cognition. In addition, compared to children whose mother spent less time with, children whose mother spent more time with had better empathy cognitive performance.

Key words: infant, mind-mindedness, mother's total time, empathy, moderation

张青, 刘婷婷, 刘斯漫, 王争艳. 婴儿期母亲将心比心对儿童5岁共情的预测:母亲陪伴总时间的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(2): 157-166.

ZHANG Qing, LIU Tingting, LIU Siman, WANG Zhengyan. The Influence of Early Maternal Mind-mindedness on 5-year-old Children's Empathy: The Moderating Effect of Mother's Total Time[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2019, 35(2): 157-166.

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