Psychological Development and Education ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 557-565.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2019.05.06

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Relationships among Epistemological Beliefs, Self-regulated Learning and Academic Procrastination in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model

LI Hongxia1, ZHANG Jiajia1, ZHAO Xia2, SI Jiwei1, HUANG Bijuan1   

  1. 1. School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358;
    2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000
  • Published:2019-09-30

Abstract: This study was aimed to better understand the relationship between epistemological beliefs, self-regulated learning and three dimensions of academic procrastination in college students and whether this relation varied as a function of grades. 1096 college students were tested with Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, Self-regulated Learning Scale and Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (PASS). Findings revealed that (1) Epistemological beliefs were positively related to self-regulated learning and negatively related to frequency of academic procrastination, self-regulated learning was negatively correlated with frequency of academic procrastination, the degree to which procrastination is a problem to them, the extent to which they want to decrease procrastination behavior while controlling for college students' gender and grades factors. (2) The negative impact of epistemological beliefs on the frequency of academic procrastination was fully mediated by self-regulated learning, the effect of epistemological beliefs on the degree to which procrastination is a problem to them and the extent to which they want to decrease procrastination behavior were partially mediated by self-regulated learning. And (3) the mediating effect of self-regulated learning was moderated by grade factor. The indirect effect was stronger for low grade students than for high grade students. These results suggested that we could decrease college students' academic procrastination by improving their epistemology beliefs and self-regulated learning. The contribution and implications of these findings were discussed in detail.

Key words: epistemological beliefs, self-regulated learning, academic procrastination, college students, moderated mediation

Baris, C.(2017). Metacognition and self-regulated learning in predicting university students' academic achievement in Turkey. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(4), 132-138.
Cano, F.(2005). Epistemological beliefs and approaches to learning:Their change through secondary school and their influence on academic performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(2), 203-221.
Choi, J. N., & Moran, S. V.(2009). Why not procrastinate? Development and validation of a new active procrastination scale. Journal of Social Psychology, 149(2), 195-211.
Clark, J. L., & Hill, O. W.(1994). Academic procrastination among African-American college students. Psychological Reports, 75(2), 931-936.
Dent, A. L., & Koenka, A. C. (2016). The relation between self-regulated learning and academic achievement across childhood and adolescence:A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 425-474.
Ebadi, S., & Shakoorzadeh, R.(2015). Investigation of academic procrastination prevalence and its relationship with academic self-regulation and achievement motivation among high-school students in Tehran city. International Education Studies, 8(10), 193-199.
Ellis, A., & Knaus, W. T. (1977). Overcoming procrastination. New York:Signet Books.
Elsequest, N. M., Hyde, J. S., Goldsmith, H. H., & Van Hulle, C. A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament:A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 33-72.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G.(2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1:Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160.
Ferrari, J. R., Keane, S. M., Wolfe, R. N., & Beck, B. L. (1998). The antecedents and consequences of academic excuse-making:Examining individual differences in procrastination. Research in Higher Education, 39(2), 199-215.
Fries, S., Dietz, F., & Schmid, S.(2008). Motivational interference in learning:The impact of leisure alternatives on subsequent self-regulation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(2), 119-133.
Greene, J. A.(2010). The role of epistemic beliefs in students' self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments:Conceptual and methodological issues. Educational Psychologist, 45(4), 245-257.
Hayes, A. F.(2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach. NY:Guilford Press.
Hofer, B. K.(2001). Personal epistemology research:Implications for learning and teaching. Educational Psychological Review, 13(4), 353-383.
Hofer, B. K.(2008). Personal epistemology and culture. In M. S. Khine (Ed.), Knowing, Knowledge and Beliefs. Netherlands:Springer.
Hofer, B. K., & Pintrich, P. R. (1997). The development of epistemological theories:Beliefs about knowledge and knowing and their relation to learning. Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 88-140.
Howell, A. J., & Watson, D. C.(2007). Procrastination:Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 167-178.
Kim, S., Fernandez, S., & Terrier, L. (2017). Procrastination, personality traits, and academic performance:When active and passive procrastination tell a different story. Personality and Individual Differences, 108(4), 154-157.
Kim, K. R., & Seo, E. H. (2015). The relationship between procrastination and academic performance:A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 82(8),26-33.
Liang, Y. X., Liang, Y. H., & Hu, J. S.(2011, October). The relationship of epistemological beliefs and self-regulated learning among different domains of undergraduates in Taiwan. Oral session presented at the meeting of the Third Annual Asian Conference on Education, Osaka, Japan.
Lyons, I. M., & Beilock, S. L.(2012). Mathematics anxiety:Separating the math from the anxiety. Cerebral Cortex, 22(9), 2102-2110.
Metallidou, P. (2012). Epistemological beliefs as predictors of self-regulated learning strategies in middle school students. School Psychology International, 34(3), 283-298.
Michinov, N., Brunot, S., Le Bohec, O., Juhel, J., & Delaval, M.(2011). Procrastination, participation, and performance in online learning environments, Computers & Education, 56(1), 243-252.
Muis, K. R.(2007). The role of epistemic beliefs in self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 42(3), 173-190.
Muis, K. R., Chevrier, M., & Singh, C. A.(2018). The role of epistemic emotions in personal epistemology and self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 53(3), 165-184.
Park, S., & Sperling, R.(2012). Academic procrastinators and their self-regulation. Psychology, 3(1), 12-23.
Paulsen, M. B., & Feldman, K. A.(2005). The conditional and interaction effects of epistemological beliefs on the self-regulated learning of college students:Motivational strategies. Research in Higher Education, 46(7), 731-768.
Pintrich, P. R.(2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner. (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451-502). NY:Academic Press.
Qian, G., & Pan, J.(2002). A comparision of epistemological beliefs and learning from science text between American and Chinese high school students. In B. K. Hofer & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Personal epistomology:The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing (pp. 365-385), Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
Rabin, L. A., Fogel, J., & Nutter-Upham, K. E.(2011). Academic procrastination in college students:The role of self-reported executive function. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(3), 344-357.
Rozendaal, J. S., de Brabander, C. J., & Minnaert, A.(2001). Boundaries and dimensionality of epistemological beliefs. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Schommer, M., Crouse, A., & Rhodes, N.(1992). Epistemological beliefs and mathematical text comprehension:Believing it is simple does not make it so. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(4), 435-443.
Schunk, D. H., & Ermer, P. A.(1999). Self-regulatory processes during computer skill acquisition:Goal and self-evaluative influences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(2), 251-260.
Sirois, F. M., Melia-Gordon, M. L., & Pychyl, T. A. (2003). "I'll look after my health, later":An investigation of procrastination and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(5), 1167-1184.
Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D.(1984). Academic procrastination:Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503-509
Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2010). "I'll go to therapy, eventually":Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 175-180.
Steel, P.(2007). The nature of procrastination:A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94.
Steel. P. (2010). Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators:Do they exist? Personality and Individual Differences, 48(8), 926-934.
Steel, P., & Ferrari, J. R.(2013). Sex, education and procrastination:An epidemiological study of procrastinators' characteristics from a global sample. European Journal of Personality, 27(1), 51-58.
Theresya, J., Latifah, M., & Hernawati, N.(2018). The effect of parenting style, self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning on adolescents' academic achievement. Journal of Child Development Studies, 3(1), 28-43.
Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F.(1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health:The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8(6), 454-458.
Trevors, G. J., Muis, K. R., Pekrun, R., Sinatra, G. M., & Muijselaar, M. M. L.(2016). Exploring the relations between epistemic beliefs, emotions, and learning from texts. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 48, 116-132.
Wang, Z., Lukowski, S. L., Hart, S. A., Lyons, I. M., Thompson, L. A., Kovas, Y, et al. (2015). Is mathematical anxiety always bad for math learning:The role of math motivation. Psychological Science, 26(12), 1863-1877.
Wolters, C. A.(2003). Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 179-187.
Wu, Y., Li, L., Yuan, B. K., & Tian, X. H.(2016). Individual differences in resting-state functional connectivity predict procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 95(6), 62-67.
Ziegler, N., & Opdenakker, M.(2018). The development of academic procrastination in first-year secondary education students:The link with metacognitive self-regulation, self-efficacy, and effort regulation. Learning and Individual Differences, 64(5), 71-82.
Zimmerman, B. J.(1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulate academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 329-333.
Zimmerman, B. J.(2000). Attaining self-regulation:A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
Zimmerman, B. J., & Kitsantas, A.(2014). Comparing students' self-discipline and self-regulation measures and their prediction of academic achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 39(2), 145-155.
陈保华.(2007). 大学生学习拖延初探(硕士学位论文). 华东师范大学, 上海.
方平, 姜媛, 马英.(2014). 初中生自我调节学习发展模式研究. 心理科学,37(5), 1160-1166.
楼连娣, 庞维国.(2012). 大学生学习拖延的扎根理论研究. 教育研究与实验, 29(4), 84-88.
马杰.(2007).大学生的认识论信念及其与自主学习能力的关系(硕士学位论文). 山东师范大学,济南.
倪士光, 李虹, 黄琳妍.(2012). 学业拖延的整体化研究视角:传统与创新. 心理发展与教育,28(5), 545-553.
庞维国.(2010). 大学生学习拖延研究综述. 心理科学, 33(1), 147-150.
庞维国,韩贵宁.(2009). 我国大学生学习拖延的现状与成因研究. 清华大学教育研究,30(6),59-65.
宋梅歌, 冯廷勇.(2017). 时间洞察力对拖延行为的影响机制:时间折扣的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 33(6), 683-690.
王婷婷, 沈烈敏. (2007). 高中生认识论信念调查研究. 心理科学, 30(6), 1486-1488.
温忠麟, 叶宝娟.(2014). 有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补?心理学报, 46(5), 714-726.
张春梅.(2007). 大学生自我调节学习能力及其相关心理因素(硕士学位论文). 华中师范大学,武汉.
张顺民, 封廷勇.(2017). 拖延的认知神经机制与基因:行为-脑-基因的多角度研究. 心理科学进展, 25(3), 393-403.
周浩, 龙立荣.(2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
[1] ZHENG Xiaoxing, LI Peijin, XING Qiang. Active Control Influences Self-regulated Category Learning: The “Decision-driven” Perspective [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(3): 370-378.
[2] LIU Ying, LIU Rude, MAO Chenying, LIN Jingmin, LIU Jiabin. Influence of Teacher Feedback Timing and Feedback Complexity on College Students’ Learning Engagement during Online Video Learning [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(3): 408-417.
[3] WAN Huanlan, NIU Yujie, WANG Bochen, JIN Cancan. The Relationship between Purpose in Life, Self-control and Academic Burnout of College Students: A Longitudinal Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(3): 418-426.
[4] ZHANG Mei, HUANG Yang, YU Jiawen, HUANG Silin. The Impact of Media Multitasking on College Students’ Reading Performance: The Moderating Roles of Task Difficulty and Type [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(2): 222-233.
[5] ZHAO Xiaomei, ZHAO Xinrui, WANG Keke. The Processing of Text-graphic Information Knowledge Integration of College Students: Evidence from ERP [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(1): 18-27.
[6] DING Yue, LIU Lijia, KOU Yu. Interpersonal Relationship Satisfaction in the Digital Age: The Role of Online Positive Feedback and Perceived Social Support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(1): 39-49.
[7] WANG Zhen, SHI Baoying, ZHAO Haoli, GUO Yunfei, WANG Enguo. Effects of Emotional Expression and Role of Affective Pedagogical Agent on Video Learning: The Moderating Role of Learners’ Experience [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(1): 60-69.
[8] WEI Jun, YI Cong, ZHOU Xiting. College Students’ Academic Contingent Self-worth and Academic Involution Behaviors: Analyses Based on Latent Growth Modeling [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(5): 692-700.
[9] JIAO Jiao, MU Dan, SHI Lu. Intimate Relationship Satisfaction on College Students’ Subjective Well-being: A Diary Method Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(5): 720-729.
[10] HU Xinyi, CHEN Yinghe. The Relationship among College Students’ Goal Reengagement Capacity, Ego-depletion and Well-being: Moderation Effect of Meaning in Life [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(3): 348-356.
[11] XIE Li, JIN Hui, WANG Zhiying, HU Yufei, YANG Xilan, XI Juan. The Influence of Endogenous Power for Poverty Elimination on Impoverished College Students’ Learning Engagement: The Mediating Effect of Self-control and the Moderating Effect of Social Support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(3): 386-397.
[12] ZHAO Xiaomei, CHENG Shi, LIU Zihan, LIU Hong. The Effects of Different Language Conditions and Executive Functions on Memory Integration in College Students [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(2): 153-162.
[13] LIAO Chenxi, WANG Dahua. The Influence of Attachment on Self-esteem and Interpersonal Adjustment in College Students [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(2): 196-205.
[14] GUO Ying, CHEN Xiaodan, LIU Wenzhi, LIU Yutong, ZHU Bi. Development of Semantic False Memories in Adolescents: Study and Test Factors [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(1): 12-21.
[15] SHI Zifu, ZHOU Zhihao, XU Lei, CHEN Huohong, GUAN Jinliang, LIU Chengzhen. The Relationship between Negative Parenting Style and College Students’ Malevolent Creativity Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(6): 808-815.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!