气质对青少年内外化问题的影响:亲子亲合与唾液淀粉酶的作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.01.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对505名五、七和九年级青少年进行短期追踪,考察气质与青少年内外化问题的关联及亲子亲合、唾液淀粉酶的作用。结果发现,意志控制负向预测外化问题,恐惧正向预测内化问题;亲子亲合在意志控制、易受挫性与内外化问题间起中介作用;唾液淀粉酶调节气质与内外化问题、亲子亲合与内化问题的关联,具体而言,在高唾液淀粉酶时,意志控制负向预测内外化问题,易受挫性正向预测外化问题,亲子亲合对内化问题负向预测作用减弱。本研究结果提示,气质、亲子关系及自主神经系统生理特征共同影响青少年内外化问题,为减少内外化问题需针对个体差异制定有效预防和干预策略。

关键词: 气质, 亲子亲合, 唾液淀粉酶, 内外化问题

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between temperament and adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and examined the mediating effect of parent-child cohesion and the moderating effects of salivary amylase on the relationship. A total of 505 elementary and middle school students from grades 5, 7, and 9 participated and completed two surveys six months apart. Results showed that: Effortful control negatively predicted externalizing behaviors, and fear positively predicted internalizing behaviors; Parent-child cohesion mediated the associations between effortful control/frustration and externalizing/internalizing behaviors; Salivary amylase moderated the association between temperament and internalizing/externalizing behaviors, the association between frustration and externalizing behaviors, and the association between parent-child cohesion and internalizing behaviors. Specifically, effortful control negatively predicted externalizing/internalizing behaviors, frustration positively predicted externalizing behaviors, and the negative effect of parent-child cohesion on internalizing behaviors was smaller when salivary amylase were high. The results reveal the link of temperament, autonomic nerves system functions, parent-child relationship, and internalizing/externalizing behaviors, and suggest that it is necessary to develop effective prevention and intervention measures for individual differences.

Key words: temperament, parent-child cohesion, salivary amylase, externalizing and internalizing behaviors

王玲晓, 于晓明, 王徐志, 纪林芹. 气质对青少年内外化问题的影响:亲子亲合与唾液淀粉酶的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 98-109.

WANG Lingxiao, YU Xiaoming, WANG Xuzhi, JI Linqin. Impact of Temperament on Adolescents Externalizing and Internalizing Problems: The Role of Parent-child Cohesion and Salivary Amylase[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(1): 98-109.

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