青少年心理适应与内外攻击的关联:基于追踪和周记法的证据

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.01.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 内攻击伤己,外攻击伤他。青春期是两种攻击行为发展的重要阶段,如何有效抑制青少年内外攻击一直是社会关注的焦点问题。本研究从心理适应出发,同时采用追踪法和周记法,在特质与状态两个层面探讨青少年心理适应与内外攻击的关联。研究一对415名青少年开展两次追踪测查,旨在从特质层面探究青少年心理适应与内外攻击的关联。交叉滞后分析结果表明:(1)前测的特质自尊、特质孤独感和特质抑郁均预测后测的内攻击;(2)前测的特质孤独感和特质抑郁预测后测的外攻击。研究二对117名青少年开展为期7周的周记法研究,旨在从状态层面揭示青少年心理适应与内外攻击的关联。周记研究结果发现:状态孤独感、状态抑郁与内外攻击均呈双向关联。由此可见,在特质层面,特质心理适应不良是因,内外攻击是果。在状态层面,孤独感和抑郁与内外攻击表现出循环作用。研究揭示了特质/状态心理适应各因子与内外攻击的动态关联,为从心理适应层面干预青少年内外攻击提供了重要的实证依据。

关键词: 自尊, 孤独感, 抑郁, 心理适应, 内攻击, 外攻击, 青少年

Abstract: Internal aggression hurts oneself and external aggression hurts others. Adolescence is an important stage in the development of two types of aggressive behaviors. How to effectively curb adolescents’ internal and external aggression has been the focus of social concern. In this study, by using both longitudinal and weekly diary methods, we investigated the association between psychological adaptation and internal and external aggression among adolescents at both trait and state levels. Two waves of surveys were conducted on 415 adolescents at 6-month intervals to examine the associations between psychological adaptation and internal and external aggression at the trait level. The results of Cross-lagged analysis showed that: (1) Trait self-esteem, trait loneliness, and trait depression at time 1 predicted internal aggression at time 2; (2) Trait loneliness and trait depression at time 1 predicted post-test external aggression at time 2. To shed more light on the research questions, we conducted a 7-week weekly diary study on 117 adolescents, aiming to reveal the dynamic associations between psychological adaptation and internal and external aggression among adolescents at the state level. The results of the weekly method found that state loneliness, state depression, and internal/external aggression are all bidirectionally correlated. It can be seen that at the trait level, maladaptive trait psychological adaptation is the cause, and internal/external aggression is the effect. At the state level, feelings of loneliness and depression, as well as internal/external aggression, exhibit a cyclical interaction. As such, these conclusions reveals the dynamic association between every factor of trait/state psychological adaptation and internal and external aggression, and proposes a trait-state model of how psychological adaptation affecting internal and external aggression, which provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for intervening in internal and external aggression on adolescents at the level of psychological adaptation.

Key words: self-esteem, loneliness, depression, psychological adaptation, internal aggression, external aggression, adolescent

向燕辉, 马丽平, 胡芸绮, 李晓军. 青少年心理适应与内外攻击的关联:基于追踪和周记法的证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 85-97.

XIANG Yanhui, MA Liping, HU Yunqi, LI Xiaojun. The Relationship between Psychological Adaptation and Internal and External Aggression among Adolescents: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study and a Weekly Diary Method[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(1): 85-97.

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