从累加到类型视角:儿童期逆境对个体神经生理发展的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2024.05.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 儿童期逆境对个体的发展具有广泛且深远的影响,是发展心理学和发展认知神经科学领域的热点问题。本文评述了儿童期逆境研究的理论取向的发展脉络, 并着重梳理了儿童期逆境影响个体大脑结构与功能和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的现有实证研究结果。基于此,本文提出了一个儿童期逆境影响个体发展的整合模型,指出未来研究应兼顾多种理论取向,多系统、多角度、多层面地研究逆境对个体神经生理及发展结果的影响,并在探索逆境特征的影响、关注逆境作用的跨文化差异或一致性以及识别逆境产生消极影响过程中的保护性因素等方面进行深化。

关键词: 儿童期逆境, HPA轴功能, 大脑结构, 大脑功能, 儿童青少年发展

Abstract: Research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a trending topic in the field of cognitive neuroscience and developmental psychology. Prior literature has demonstrated the wide-ranging, long-lasting impact of ACEs on human development. Disentangling the effects of ACEs could improve the understanding of the developmental mechanisms contributing to child and youth development. In recent years, scholars have turned to exploring the neurophysiological mediating-mechanisms between ACEs and developmental outcomes, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system and brain structure and functions that are saliently pertinent to children and adolescents’ psychological, behavioral, and academic development. To delve into the impact of ACEs on psychopathology, in this review article, we begin with a review of theoretical frameworks on ACEs and child and youth development, including the classic specificity models of adversity, the cumulative risk model, and the recently developed dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology. We also present the current evidence for the links between ACEs and the HPA axis and brain structure and functions, as well as discuss the roles of essential protective factors in these associations. We call attention to addressing the knowledge gaps in research on ACEs and psychopathology, such as proposing more precise definitions and categories of adversity, unpacking the complexity and comprehensiveness of the impact of specific features of adversity (e.g., timing, duration, severity), and focusing more on the multifaceted, long-lasting effects of ACEs on child and youth development. Finally, we propose a conceptual model of the neurophysiological mediating-mechanisms linking ACEs and developmental outcomes, as well as underscore future directions for work continuing to address how ACEs and multiple neurophysiological systems shape human development.

Key words: childhood adversity, HPA axis function, brain structure, brain function, child and adolescent development

中图分类号:

B844

谢明珺, 孙佳宁, 肖家乐, 弓鑫钰, 林丹华. 从累加到类型视角:儿童期逆境对个体神经生理发展的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(5): 737-749.

XIE Mingjun, SUN Jianing, XIAO Jiale, GONG Xinyu, LIN Danhua. From the Cumulative Risk Approach to Dimensional Approach: Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neurophysiological Development[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(5): 737-749.

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