领悟社会支持性别差异的元分析

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.04.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究采用元分析技术, 对采用Zimet“多维度领悟社会支持量表”调查中国人群领悟社会支持的58篇文献进行了元分析, 涉及样本总量为31286人(男性15279), 调查的时间跨度为2002~2014年。研究结果显示:(1)领悟社会支持有显著的性别差异, 女性在领悟社会支持总分、家庭内(外)支持、朋友支持及重要他人支持的得分均显著高于男性, 效果量d的取值范围为[-0.266,-0.183];(2)大学生领悟社会支持总分和领悟家庭支持的性别差异显著大于中学生。本研究结果对于探明中国人群中领悟社会支持的性别差异及其发展趋势具有一定的理论意义。

关键词: 领悟社会支持, 性别差异, 元分析

Abstract: Researches on stress and coping strategy have shown that one of the most effective means by which individuals cope with stressful events is social support. There has been substantial evidence showing the benefits of different forms of social support for both mental and physical health, of which the perceived social support is the most essential one. Most existing researches showed that females perceived more social support than males, but some others held the contrary opinion. However, up to now, there has been not a comprehensive review regarding this controversy.
A meta-analysis of 58 independent studies published between 2002 and 2014, which employed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to investigate gender difference in perceived social support among Chinese, was conducted in present study. 31286 participants (15279 males) were included in this analysis. After literature selection and screening, 59 independent effect sizes (Cohen's d) were picked out as meta-analysis unit according to the inclusion criteria. After coding of study characteristics, independent effect sizes were analyzed by Synthesizer 1.0 R software. The present research included three methodological procedures, including main effect analysis, publication bias test and moderation effect analysis. In addition, the fixed-effect model that assumed a common effect for results of all researches performed poorly under the condition of effect size heterogeneity, and the unrealistic assumption about random sampling of observed effect sizes from a normally distributed superpopulation of random-effect model made it difficult to achieve (Krizan, 2009), so the varying-coefficient model recently proposed by Bonett (2008, 2009) was preferred in this article. As shown in results: (1) there existed a significant gender difference in perceived social support, specifically, females scored higher than males on overall support, family support, support outside family, friends support, and significant others support; (2) the results of the moderation analyses indicated that the gender differences in family support and overall support among middle school students was smaller, as compared to those of undergraduates.
To sum up, females did perceive more social support than males and the gender difference among middle school students was smaller than that of undergraduates on family support and overall support. The results could be explained by the gender difference in perception, or/and the fact that females get more supports from the surroundings. The implications of these findings were also discussed.

Key words: Perceived Social Support, Gender Differences, Meta-analysis

中图分类号:

B844

张书朋, 张庆垚, 李彩娜. 领悟社会支持性别差异的元分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2015, 31(4): 393-401.

ZHANG Shupeng, ZHANG Qingyao, LI Caina. Meta-analytic Review on The Gender Differences in Perceived Social Support[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(4): 393-401.

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