“农村高中进城”学生感知的学校氛围和心理素质的变化及其关系:一年的追踪研究

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.04.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究“农村高中进城”学生感知的学校氛围和心理素质的变化及两者之间的关系,本研究以西南地区“农村高中进城”计划中的三所农村高中1157名高一学生为研究对象(M_年龄=15.89岁,SD=0.69),在农村学生进城学习前后开展了为期一年(三次,间隔半年)的追踪研究。结果表明:(1)和进城前相比,学生进城后感知的学校氛围及其分维度(师生关系、生生关系、规则公平和明确期望)得分显著降低;(2)“农村高中进城”前后,学生的心理素质及其认知和个性品质相对稳定,但适应品质呈“U型”发展,即先下降后回升;(3)“农村高中进城”后,学生感知的学校氛围与心理素质的相关关系变弱;进城后,学生在新学校感知的学校氛围显著预测其半年后的心理素质。研究启示:学校客观物质条件的改善不等同于学生感知的学校氛围的直接提升。教育主管部门和学校管理者应重视“农村高中进城”学生感知的学校氛围,在新学校中营造温暖的师生关系和生生关系,制定公平的规章制度,明确学校的育人目标和期望,以促进学生心理素质的积极发展。

关键词: 农村高中进城, 学生感知的学校氛围, 心理素质, 追踪研究

Abstract: A one-year longitudinal study examined the changes in the perception of school climate and psychological suzhi among students from the 'Rural High School Entering the City’ program. The sample consisted of 1,157 students (M_age = 15.89 years, SD = 0.69) who came from three rural high schools in the 'Rural High School Entering the City’ program in one of the districts in southwest China. The three-wave study (half a year apart) was carried out before and after rural students entered the city. Results: (1) Compared with their perception of school climate before entering the city, their perceived school climate and sub-dimensions (teacher-student relationships, student-student relationships, the fairness of rules, and clarity of expectations) significantly decreased; (2) Students’ psychological suzhi, cognitive quality, and individuality quality were relatively stable before and after entering the city. The trajectory of their adaptability quality was a U-shaped, declining and rebounding; (3) The correlation between students’ perceived school climate and psychological suzhi becomes weaker after entering the city. Students perceived school climate after entering the city had a significant longitudinal effect on their psychological suzhi half a year later. Practical Implications: Improving the school’s objective environment differs from advancing students’ perceived school climate. Educational authorities and school administrators should foster the 'Rural High School Entering the City’ students’ perceptions of school climate by creating warm teacher-student and student-student relationships in the new school, establishing fair rules and regulations, and clarifying school goals and expectations; therefore, promoting the development of students’ psychological suzhi.

Key words: Rural High School Entering the City' program, perceived school climate, psychological suzhi, longitudinal study

中图分类号:

B844

聂倩, 张大均, 滕召军, 李辞, 孟冉, 范骏, 郭成. “农村高中进城”学生感知的学校氛围和心理素质的变化及其关系:一年的追踪研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(4): 571-578.

NIE Qian, ZHANG Dajun, TENG Zhaojun, LI Ci, MENG Ran, FAN Jun, GUO Cheng. The Changes in Students’ Perceived School Climate and Psychological Suzhi during “Rural High School Entering the City” Program and Their Relationship: A One-year Longitudinal Study[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(4): 571-578.

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