认知抑制对科学创造力和艺术创造力的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.03.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究通过2个实验，考察不同高低抑制水平对科学创造力和艺术创造力的影响。通过安排不同难度的Simon任务（不一致试次占70%或10%）来消耗被试的认知资源，达到操纵被试的抑制水平，以侧抑制任务的前后测来评估被试抑制水平的变化情况，实验1和实验2分别以科学创造力测验和粘贴画任务测量被试的科学创造力和艺术创造力。结果发现，在科学创造力测验上，高抑制水平组被试的流畅性和灵活性得分显著高于低抑制水平组；在粘贴画任务中，低抑制水平组被试的创造性、可爱程度、综合印象得分以及总分均显著高于高抑制水平组。表明高认知抑制水平有利于科学创造力，低认知抑制水平有利于艺术创造力，认知抑制对科学创造力和艺术创造力的影响存在分离效应。

关键词: 认知抑制, 科学创造力, 艺术创造力

Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of cognitive inhibition on scientific creativity and artistic creativity. In this study, participants were arranged to complete Simon tasks with different difficulty levels (the proportion of inconsistent trials was 70% or 10%) to consume their resources for manipulating the inhibition level of participants, and Flanker task was conducted to evaluate the change of inhibition ability. Then, scientific creativity test was administered as the measurement of scientific creativity in experiment 1, while the collage task was administered as the measurement of artistic creativity in experiment 2. The results showed that:(1) in the scientific creativity test, the fluency and flexibility scores of high inhibition level group were significantly higher than those of the low inhibition level group; (2) in the collage task, the scores of creativity, cuteness, comprehensive impression and the total score of the low inhibition level group were significantly higher than those of the high inhibition level group. It was concluded that the cognitive inhibition of high level promoted scientific creativity, while the low level of cognitive inhibition promoted artistic creativity, cognitive inhibition had an effect on the separation of scientific creativity and artistic creativity.

Key words: scientific creativity, artistic creativity, cognitive inhibition

中图分类号:

B844

姚海娟, 仝娜, 张珊珊, 巩彦斌. 认知抑制对科学创造力和艺术创造力的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(3): 353-362.

YAO Haijuan, TONG Na, ZHANG Shanshan, GONG Yanbin. The Effects of Cognitive Inhibition on Scientific Creativity and Artistic Creativity[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(3): 353-362.

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