心理发展与教育 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 686-693.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2020.06.06

• 认知与社会性发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人的元刻板印象及其对社会互动的影响

林之萱1, 杨莹2, 寇彧1   

  1. 1. 北京师范大学发展心理研究院, 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室, 心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学), 北京 100875;
    2. 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海 200062
  • 发布日期:2020-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 寇彧 E-mail:kouyu@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目（31971011）；贵阳孔学堂阳明心学与当代社会心理研究院，社会治理中的亲社会行为传递及亲社会心态培育（KXTXT201704）阶段性成果；上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划（19YF1413400）。

The Meta-stereotypes of Elderly People and Their Consequences for Social Interaction

LIN Zhixuan1, YANG Ying2, KOU Yu1   

  1. 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing University, Beijing 100875;
    2. School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062
  • Published:2020-11-20

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摘要： 本研究考察了老年人的元刻板印象及其对老年人社会互动的影响。预研究以35名老年人为被试，通过访谈和开放式问卷，获得老年人积极与消极元刻板印象形容词。正式研究以140名老年人为被试，通过问卷调查，首先确定老年人元刻板印象的内容与结构；然后分析发现，当老年人作为社会互动的接受方时：（1）积极元刻板印象正向预测其接受外群体帮助的意愿（包括自主定向帮助和依赖定向帮助），并且接受帮助可引发积极受助体验；（2）消极元刻板印象只正向预测老年人接受外群体自主定向帮助的意愿，且持消极元刻板印象的老年人受助体验消极。当老年人作为社会互动的发出方时；（3）积极元刻板印象正向预测老年人社会参与的频率和他们对外群体的施助意愿；（4）消极元刻板印象对施助意愿和社会参与的预测作用均不显著。综上，老年人的积极元刻板印象能促进他们的社会互动，并使他们获得良好的互动体验。

关键词: 老年人, 元刻板印象, 社会互动, 群际帮助, 社会参与

Abstract: The present research investigated the content of Chinese elderly people's meta-stereotypes and their consequences for social interaction. We first collected the words of positive and negative meta-stereotypes of elderly people through interviews and open-ended questionnaires in a pilot study. In the formal study, 132 elderly participants were recruited to complete a questionnaire involving a table of meta-stereotype words, the intergroup help receiving scale, the recipient feeling scale, the intergroup help giving scale, and the social participation scale. The results showed that elderly people's positive meta-stereotypes positively predicted their willingness to accept both autonomy-oriented and dependency-oriented help from outgroup members, and receiving such help elicited their positive feelings. Their negative meta-stereotypes only predicted their willingness to accept autonomy-oriented help from outgroup members, but receiving such help elicited their negative feelings. The positive meta-stereotypes of elderly people also positively predicted their willingness to help outgroup members and the frequency of their participating in social activities, but negative meta-stereotypes were not significant predictors.

Key words: meta-stereotypes, elderly people, social participation, intergroup helping, social participation

中图分类号: 

  • B844
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