儿童早期分类与基于类别的归纳的一致性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传统的观点认为,儿童早期的分类是基于类别的归纳的基础。根据这种观点,儿童早期的分类与基于类别的归纳是一致的。该研究在不同材料条件下测试了4岁儿童面临知觉相似和概念冲突时的自由分类与归纳推理的一致性。研究结果显示,在照片条件下,4岁儿童的自由分类和基于类别的归纳是不一致的,儿童的分类主要是基于知觉相似的,而基于类别的归纳主要是基于概念的;在线条画条件下,儿童的分类与基于类别的归纳是一致的,都主要是基于知觉相似的。这些结果显示,儿童早期的分类和基于类别的关系是复杂的。

关键词: 分类, 基于类别的归纳, 知觉相似, 概念

Abstract: In traditional opinion,the function of category is to support inductive reasoning. According to this view, children's categorization wauld be consistent with categorybased induction. If child categorize objects based on similarity,they would also make induction based on similarity. Otherwise,when child categorize objects based on concept,they would use concept to make induction. Recently,Slo utsky,Kloos and Fisher (2007)'s study showed that children' s categorization and induction had a disassociation. In fact,many studies showed that young children would mainly base on similarity to classify objects whereas children would base on similarity or concept to support induction in different tasks. These studies indicated that it wauld have a complex relationship between categorization and category based induction in early development.Total 96 4-yearold children were divided into four tasks including categorization tasks and induction tasks in photos and drawings. In other words,it was designed to be 2(materials:photos and drawings) ×2(tasks:categorization and induction) between subjects. Each task included six groups of items. Each experimental group included three items;the first was the target stimulus and the second and third were the selective stimulus. The second one was similarity wrath the first but belong to different concept and the third one was dissimilarity wrath the first but belong to the same concept. In photos,children showed inconsistently between categorization and category-based induction. They based on similarity in categorization but mainly based on concepts in induction. However,children showed consistently between categorization and induction in drawnngs. They mainly used similarity to categorization and induction. The relationship would be complex in early categorization and category-based induction. It would be necessarily to integrate the work on categorization and category-based induction.

Key words: category, category-based induction, concept

龙长权, 路晓英, 李红, 范籍丹. 儿童早期分类与基于类别的归纳的一致性[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2008, 24(2): 6-12.

LONG Chang-quan, LU Xiao-ying, LI Hong, FAN Ji-dan. Relationship between Categorization and Category-based Induction in Early Age[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2008, 24(2): 6-12.

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