注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的类比能力缺陷: 执行功能还是类比策略？

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.01.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 类比能力是人类认知发展的驱动力。本研究利用眼动技术比较41名注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童与46名智力匹配的正常发展(TD)儿童完成类比任务的表现及眼动模式的异同,揭示ADHD儿童类比表现及过程缺陷,并考察其缺陷是与执行功能还是类比策略有关。结果发现:(1) ADHD儿童的类比表现显著差于TD儿童,类比过程更多表现出仅围绕靶物体进行加工、容易受到干扰的特点;(2) ADHD儿童的抑制控制能力显著差于TD儿童,而两组儿童的类比策略无显著差异;组间差异的回归分析表明,只有抑制控制对组间差异有显著贡献。该结果说明ADHD儿童在类比表现和类比过程上均存在缺陷,且其类比缺陷与抑制控制而非类比策略相关。

关键词: ADHD儿童, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 类比能力, 眼动, 类比策略, 执行功能

Abstract: Analogical reasoning is the central driver of individuals’ cognitive development. We recruited a total of 41 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 46 typically developing (TD) children and captured their eye movements in the process of completing the A∶B∶∶C∶D analogical reasoning task by eye-tracking technology. Differences in analogical reasoning performance and eye movement patterns between ADHD and TD children were examined. Furthermore, we investigated whether executive function or analogical reasoning strategies were associated with ADHD children’s deficits in analogical reasoning. The results showed that: (1) Children with ADHD had significantly lower correct rates and longer reaction times than TD children, and they spent significantly more time searching around the target situation and fixating on the perceptual distraction; (2) Children with ADHD had significantly lower inhibitory control abilities compared with TD children, whereas there was no significant difference in terms of analogical strategies. Besides, the hierarchical regression demonstrated that only inhibitory control significantly contributed to the group differences in analogical reasoning performance. These findings suggest that the deficits in executive function, rather than analogical strategies relate to the deficits in analogical reasoning in children with ADHD.

Key words: children with ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, analogical reasoning, eye movement, analogical strategies, executive function

中图分类号:

B844

周海淳, 陈英和, 戚玥, 陈悦, 杜星雨, 于玲珺, 于晓. 注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的类比能力缺陷: 执行功能还是类比策略？[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(1): 1-11.

ZHOU Haichun, CHEN Yinghe, QI Yue, CHEN Yue, DU Xingyu, YU Lingjun, YU Xiao. Analogy Reasoning Deficits in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Executive Function or Analogy Strategies?[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(1): 1-11.

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