童年晚期亲社会行为与儿童的心理社会适应

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.04.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对2097名六年级儿童(平均年龄12.27岁, 男生1093名)的亲社会行为以及多种心理社会适应指标进行测量, 主要运用个体定向的方法考察童年晚期亲社会行为与儿童心理社会适应之间的关系。结果发现:(1)亲社会行为与孤独感、攻击等不良适应呈中等程度负相关, 与同伴接纳、社交自我概念等积极适应呈中等程度正相关;(2)童年晚期儿童的心理社会适应表现为内化问题、外化问题、同伴拒绝与正常发展4种模式;(3)个体亲社会行为水平越高, 越可能属于正常发展组, 越不可能属于不良适应组;在各种不良适应组中, 个体亲社会行为水平越高, 更可能属于内化问题组, 而非外化问题和同伴拒绝组;(4)高亲社会组的儿童有6.8%存在内化问题;低亲社会组的儿童有50.2%适应良好;与普通儿童相比, 低亲社会组的儿童表现出更多的适应不良。

关键词: 童年晚期, 亲社会行为, 心理社会适应, 个体定向

Abstract: Prosocial behavior refers to behaviors intended to benefit others. Using a person-oriented approach, the current study was to identify the patterns of children's psychosocial adjustment and to explore the association between prosocial behavior and patterns of children's psychosocial adjustment. A sample of 2097 children (mean age=12.27) from sixth grade in a capital city of eastern China was investigated. Children's prosocial behavior was rated by teachers, and information on multiple aspects of psychosocial adjustment (loneliness, depression, aggression, delinquency, peer rejection, peer acceptance, social self-concept, and general self-concept) was collected through self-report, mothers-report and peer nomination. The main findings were as follows: (1) Prosocial behavior was negatively correlated with loneliness, depression, aggression, delinquency and peer rejection, and positively correlated with peer acceptance, social self-concept, and general self-concept. (2) Four patterns of children's psychosocial adjustment were identified. That is internalizing, externalizing, peer rejection, and normal development pattern. (3) Multinomial logistic regression indicated that children's prosocial behavior was associated with the four patterns of psychosocial adjustment. Specifically, prosocial children were more likely to be classified into normal development pattern, and children with low prosocial behavior were more likely to be classified into externalizing and peer rejection pattern instead of internalizing pattern. (4) 6.8% of the highly prosocial children had internalizing problems, whereas 50.2% of the children with low level of prosocial behavior were well adjusted. Compared with normal children, children with low level of prosocial tended to have more psychosocial problems.

Key words: late childhood, prosocial behavior, psychosocial adjustment, person-oriented approach

中图分类号:

B844

魏星, 吕娜, 纪林芹, 陈亮, 张文新. 童年晚期亲社会行为与儿童的心理社会适应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2015, 31(4): 402-410.

WEI Xing, LV Na, JI Linqin, CHEN Liang, ZHANG Wenxin. Children's Prosocial Behavior and Their Psychosocial Adjustment[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(4): 402-410.

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