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“Retrieve Practice” Impede Mood Congruence in Memory
- MA Xiaofeng, WEN Meiqi, SHI Kai, DU Qingqing, YAO Bei, MU Yuan, HUO Xiaoning
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Psychological Development and Education. 2022, 38(2):
161-170.
doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2022.02.02
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A wealth of researches has indicated that emotions can affect different memory processing stages, such as memory coding, storage and retrieval. However, the impact of emotions on memory coding will vary depending on the coding strategy. The affect infusion model believes that the generation of mood-consistent memory to a large extent depends on the processing strategies used by individuals in specific situations. When adopting high-permeability processing strategies(such as heuristic strategies:tasks are relatively simple, familiar, and self-independent), the degree of emotional penetration is higher; when using low-permeability processing strategies(such as motivation-driven strategies:have clear goals and motivations, and occupy a large number of cognitive resources), the degree of emotional penetration is lower. Current research on mood-consistent memory principally focuses on the effects of explicit and implicit processing methods on mood-consistent memory. No studies have yet explored the inhibitory effect of low-permeability processing strategies on mood-consistent memory at the level of explicit memory. In the study, two experiments were conducted to test the effect of coding strategies on mood-consistent memory. In Experiment 1, adopting ordinary college students as subjects, and the experimental design of 2 (coding strategy:retrieve practice strategy, repetitive learning strategy)×2 (part of speech:negative words, neutral words). The purpose of Experiment 1 was to explore the effects of different memory coding strategies on mood-consistent memory. It was found that the main effect of coding strategy is significant, the main effect of part of speech is significant, and the interaction between coding strategy and part of speech is significant. A further simple effect analysis found that the subjects recalled more negative words than neutral words when using the repetitive learning strategy, showing obvious mood-consistent memory. When using retrieve practice strategy, no matter whether it was in the final test or in the three extractions during the learning phase, the recalled negative words and neutral words had no significant difference, which effectively suppressed the mood-consistent memory. In Experiment 2, adopting non-clinical depression college students as subjects, and also adopted the experimental design of 2 (coding strategy:retrieve practice strategy, repetitive learning strategy)×2 (part of speech:negative words, neutral words), which was aimed to study the effect of different memory coding strategies on mood-consistent memory. The results were the same as in Experiment 1.The experiment had the following results. Firstly, memory coding strategy has a regulating effect on mood-consistent memory, and retrieve practice strategy as a high-quality coding strategy can effectively suppress mood-consistent memory. Secondly, the research results indicate the boundary conditions of mood-consistent memory and have important implications for the learning and memory of non-clinical depressed individuals.
